Table 1—
Baseline characteristics of the Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project participants according to incident type 2 diabetes at follow-up
| No diabetes | Incident diabetes | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 406 (82.5) | 86 (17.5) | |
| Age (years)* | 25.4 ± 13.0 | 31.5 ± 12.4 | <0.001 |
| Sex (male/female)† | 173/233 (42.6/57.4) | 34/52 (39.5/60.5) | 0.60 |
| Anthropometry* | |||
| Height (cm) | 165.3 ± 10.4 | 166.8 ± 9.1 | 0.16 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.8 ± 18.1 | 82.0 ± 15.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 5.5 | 29.4 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
| Percent body fat (%) | 33.0 ± 13.2 | 40.1 ± 10.3 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.4 ± 14.1 | 104.7 ± 12.1 | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)‡ | 113.0 (103.5–120.0) | 118.0 (110.0–130.0) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 64.0 ± 11.5 | 69.9 ± 12.3 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension†§ | 54 (13.3) | 29 (33.7) | <0.001 |
| Lipid profile | |||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)* | 1.26 ± 0.28 | 1.19 ± 0.25 | 0.02 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)* | 2.42 ± 0.74 | 2.74 ± 0.66 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)‡ | 1.10 (0.81–1.53) | 1.48 (1.16–1.82) | <0.001 |
| Glucose homeostasis | |||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l)* | 5.3 ± 0.46 | 5.6 ± 0.58 | <0.001 |
| 2-h glucose (mmol/l)* | 5.4 ± 1.62 | 6.5 ± 2.08 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l)‡ | 94 (66–131) | 123 (91–187) | <0.001 |
| IGT†‖ | 36 (8.9) | 23 (26.7) | <0.001 |
| Impaired fasting glucose†¶ | 22 (5.4) | 10 (11.6) | 0.005 |
| Adipokines‡ | |||
| CRP (mg/l) | 1.45 (0.40–4.28) | 2.82 (1.24–7.48) | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (ng/l) | 0.67 (0.33–1.23) | 0.83 (0.52–1.38) | 0.01 |
| Serum amyloid A (mg/l) | 7.04 (4.43–11.1) | 8.61 (5.52–14.5) | 0.03 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 10.6 (5.20–19.4) | 15.0 (9.40–25.7) | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 14.5 (11.0–19.6) | 11.0 (8.01–15.1) | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin-to-leptin ratio | 1.36 (0.65–3.25) | 0.73 (0.36–1.44) | <0.001 |
Data are n (%), mean ± SD, and median (25th–75th percentile). Number of subjects (n) for each characteristic varies slightly due to occasional missing values.
*
Welch's t test performed.
†
χ2 test performed.
‡
Welch's t test performed on log transformation.
§
Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or receiving antihypertensive medication therapy.
‖
IGT is defined as fasting plasma glucose <7.0 mmol/l and 2-h postload glucose ≥7.8 and <11.1 mmol/l.
¶
Impaired fasting glucose is defined as fasting plasma glucose 6.1–6.9 mmol/l and 2-h postload glucose <7.8 mmol/l.