Table 3—
ORs (95% CI) of risk factors for incident retinopathy among those with diabetes at baseline
| Incident retinopathy | |
|---|---|
| Model 1: adjusted for age (years) | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) |
| Model 2: one by one adjustment | |
| Model 1 and sex | 0.72 (0.31–1.67) |
| Model 1 and BMI (kg/m2) | 0.97 (0.99–1.05) |
| Model 1 and SBP (mmHg) | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) |
| Model 1 and total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.80 (0.23–2.80) |
| Model 1 and FPG (mmol/l) | 1.52 (1.30–1.77) |
| Model 1 and A1C (%) | 2.29 (1.75–3.02) |
| Model 1 and PLG (mmol/l) | 1.24 (1.07–1.45) |
| Model 1 and C-peptide (ng/ml) | 0.69 (0.53–0.91) |
| Model 1 and duration of diabetes (years) | 1.06 (1.02–1.12) |
| Model 1 and smoking | 1.61 (0.69–3.75) |
| Model 3: multivariate adjustment for | |
| C-peptide (ng/ml) | 0.56 (0.38–0.83) |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 1.56 (1.32–1.85) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) |
| Age (years) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) |
Model 1: OR for retinopathy by age. Model 2: OR for incident retinopathy for each factor (sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure [SBP], total cholesterol, FPG, A1C, PLG, C-peptide, duration of diabetes, and smoking) adjusted for age. Model 3: OR of incident retinopathy for C-peptide, FPG, BMI, SBP, and age (adjusted for each other). PGL, postload glucose.