Table 3—
Effects of total plasma carotenoids on onset of dysglycemia during the EVA study follow-up: results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses
| Complete model | Multivariate models*
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P | |
| Total plasma carotenoids (μmol/l) | ||
| Q4 vs. Q1 | 0.42 (0.22–0.82) | 0.01† |
| Q3 vs. Q1 | 0.69 (0.41–1.15) | 0.16† |
| Q2 vs. Q1 | 0.80 (0.48–1.32) | 0.38† |
| Sex | 0.90 (0.53–1.54) | 0.71 |
| Education (high versus low level) | 0.91 (0.62–1.34) | 0.63 |
| Smoking habits (current/former versus nonsmoker) | 1.08 (0.67–1.75) | 0.74 |
| Alcohol intake (>20 vs. ≤20 ml) | 1.18 (0.75–1.85) | 0.47 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) | 0.37 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.11 |
| Cardiovascular disease antecedents (yes versus no) | 0.69 (0.34–1.40) | 0.30 |
| Total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio | 1.22 (1.06–1.40) | 0.005 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs user (yes versus no) | 1.30 (0.85–1.98) | 0.22 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | 0.0002 |
*
Adjustment for all variables listed in the table; model performed on 1,035 participants.
†
P trend = 0.08.