Table 5.
Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from healthy pigs in different European countries.
| Antimicrobial agent | Year | Country and prevalence of resistance | ||||||||||
| A | B | DK | FIN | F | I | NL | N | PL | ES | S | ||
| Ampicillin | 2002 | - | 62 | 10.9 | - | 31.0 | - | 25.5 | 5.9 | - | 56.7 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 22.7 | - | 26.5 | 46.0 | 27.7 a | - | - | 68.4 | 3.0 | |
| 2004 | 6.0 | - | 33.2 | 6.0 | 22.0 | 54.2 | 25.3 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 69.9 | - | |
| Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid | 2002 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.4 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 0.3 | - | - | 1.0 | - | - | - | 0.7 | 0.3 | |
| 2004 | 0.0 | - | 1.0 | - | - | 1.2 | - | - | - | 0.0 | - | |
| Apramycin | 2002 | - | 4 | 0.3 | - | 2.0 | - | - | 0.0 | - | 5.9 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 0.9 | - | 9.1 | - | - | - | - | 4.2 | 0.0 | |
| 2004 | 1.8 | - | 3.4 | - | 4.0 | - | - | - | - | 4.9 | - | |
| Ceftiofur | 2002 | - | 1 | 0.0 | - | - | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | 0.0 | 0.6 a | - | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 2004 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | - | |
| Chloramphenicol | 2002 | - | 33 | 3.7 | - | 21.0 | - | 9.4 | 0.5 | - | 30.5 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 6.7 | - | 21.4 | 26.0 | 7.7 a | - | - | 37.9 | 0.7 | |
| 2004 | 3.7 | - | 9.1 | 1.0 | 14.0 | 28.9 | 12.2 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 30.6 | - | |
| Ciprofloxacin | 2002 | - | 2 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 1.7 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 1.8 | - | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0a | - | - | 1.1 | 1.0 | |
| 2004 | 0.9 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 5.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 3.3 | - | |
| Florfenicol | 2002 | - | 1 | 0.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.7 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 0.0 | - | 2.0 | - | 0.6a | - | - | 2.1 | 0.0 | |
| 2004 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 2.2 | - | |
| Gentamicin | 2002 | - | 3 | 0.3 | - | 0.0 | - | 1.3 | 0.0 | - | 4.8 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 0.6 | - | 3.1 | 2.0 | 1.3a | - | - | 5.3 | 0.0 | |
| 2004 | 0.9 | - | 3.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 7.7 | - | |
| Nalidixic acid | 2002 | - | 5 | 1.0 | - | 5.0 | - | 1.0 | 0.5 | - | 12.8 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 1.9 | - | 7.1 | 8.0 | 0 a | - | - | 14.4 | 1.0 | |
| 2004 | 2.3 | - | 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 6.6 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 6.4 | 20.8 | - | |
| Neomycin | 2002 | - | 0 | 3.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.3 | 0.5 | - | 14.5 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 5.7 | - | 5.9 | - | 3.2a | - | - | 13.7 | 1.0 | |
| 2004 | 2.3 | - | 15.8 | 1.0 | 5.0 | - | 2.0 | 0.8 | - | 11.5 | - | |
| Streptomycin | 2002 | - | 46 | 33.8 | - | 65.0 | - | - | 20.8 | - | 70.9 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 43.9 | - | 67.0 | 49.0 | - | - | - | 72.3 | 13.0 | |
| 2004 | 54.4 | - | 47.6 | 15.0 | 62.0 | 48.2 | - | 33.6 | 34.7 | 66.1 | - | |
| Sulphonamides | 2002 | - | 73 | 23.2 | - | - | - | - | 10.7 | - | 70.6 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 30.6 | - | - | 51.0 | - | - | - | 77.5 | 9.0 | |
| 2004 | 30.0 | - | 46.6 | 12.0 | - | - | 52.7 | 12.0 | 15.9 | 73.2 | - | |
| Tetracycline | 2002 | - | 80 | 25.9 | - | 89.0 | - | 57.7 | 7.4 | - | 91.0 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 30.2 | - | 81.2 | 66.0 | 69.7 a | - | - | 93.0 | 12.0 | |
| 2004 | 58.1 | - | 43.8 | 16.0 | 86.0 | 81.0 | 63.9 | 9.6 | 31.6 | 95.6 | - | |
| Trimethoprim | 2002 | - | 68 | 6.1 | - | 61.0 | - | 43.0 | 4.8 | - | 69.2 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 13.6 | - | 48.0 | - | 43.9 a | - | - | 76.5 | 4.0 | |
| 2004 | 3.4 | - | - | 8.0 | 44.0 | - | 5.7 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 66.7 | - | |
| Trimethoprim + Sulphonamides | 2002 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 41.6 | - | - | - | - |
| 2003 | - | - | - | - | - | 49.0 | 43.2 a | - | - | - | - | |
| 2004 | - | - | 49.0 | - | - | 47.6 | 43.9 | - | 13 | 72.3 | - | |
-: No data available, a: faeces. A – Austria; B – Belgium, DK – Denmark, E – England including Wales; F – France; FIN – Finland; I – Italy; NL – The Netherlands; N – Norway; PL – Poland; ES – Spain; S – Sweden.