Table 1.

Effects of the bridged retinals on the λ_max and photocycle kinetics

Protein	Retinal	Visible λmax, nm	M decay, ms	O decay, ms
Wild type	Native	568	2.5*	7
Wild type	9,11-Bridged	567	1.1	5
Wild type	11,13-Bridged	556	0.6	≈4
Leu-93 → Ala	Native	539	3.0	1900
Leu-93 → Ala	9,11-Bridged	538	0.9	3.4
Leu-93 → Ala	11,13-Bridged	530	0.7	≈15*
Leu-93 → Thr	Native	541	17	1100
Leu-93 → Thr	9,11-Bridged	540	90	Not obs.
Leu-93 → Thr	11,13-Bridged	532	60	Not obs.
Leu-93 → Val	Native	564	2.4*	13
Leu-93 → Val	9,11-Bridged	564	2.2*	6.2
Leu-93 → Val	11,13-Bridged	552	1.0	5.3

^*Represents decay of dominant component.