Table 1.
Bivariate and multivariate associations of baseline factors with self-reported diabetes.
| Predictor | Frequency of self-reported diabetes (%) | Weighted bivariate OR (95% CI) | Weighted multivariate OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | Male | 681/886 (77) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Female | 675/926 (73) | 0.72 (0.52–0.98) | 0.63 (0.44–0.87) | |
| Age | 18–44 | 150/212 (71) | 0.70 (0.44–1.12) | 0.93 (0.54–1.73) |
| 45–64 | 490/641 (76) | 1.00 (0.69–1.44) | 1.22 (0.81–1.86) | |
| 65 + | 716/959 (75) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | |
| Marital status | Married | 750/1012 (74) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Widowed/Divorced | 478/631 (76) | 1.26 (0.90–1.84) | 1.31 (0.89–2.00) | |
| Single | 128/169 (76) | 1.17 (0.70–2.10) | 1.24 (0.68–2.32) | |
| Immigrant | No | 1056/1393 (76) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Yes | 300/419 (72) | 0.76 (0.53–1.08) | 0.80 (0.52–1.20) | |
| Race | White | 1239/1641 (76) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Non-White | 117/171 (68) | 0.82 (0.51–1.28) | 1.03 (0.60–1.72) | |
| Rural residence | No | 1072/1442 (74) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Yes | 284/370 (77) | 1.52 (1.10–2.22) | 1.59 (1.06–2.41) | |
| Education level | Less than high school | 603/790 (76) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Graduated high school | 232/310 (75) | 0.94 (0.58–1.52) | 1.04 (0.64–1.72) | |
| Some post-secondary | 85/111 (77) | 1.02 (0.57–1.99) | 0.91 (0.46–1.81) | |
| Graduated post-secondary | 436/601 (73) | 0.93 (0.64–1.33) | 0.97 (0.63–1.49) | |
| Income quintile | Lowest | 337/434 (78) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| 2 | 305/421 (72) | 0.65 (0.40–1.09) | 0.63 (0.36–1.08) | |
| 3 | 272/364 (75) | 0.74 (0.44–1.20) | 0.78 (0.45–1.30) | |
| 4 | 235/319 (74) | 0.75 (0.44–1.27) | 0.78 (0.45–1.35) | |
| Highest | 207/274 (76) | 0.79 (0.46–1.29) | 0.81 (0.45–1.41) | |
| Diabetes duration | 6 months to 2 years | 164/269 (61) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| 2 to 5 years | 335/479 (70) | 1.56 (0.96–2.49) | 1.78 (1.07–2.89) | |
| 5+ years | 857/1064 (81) | 2.69 (1.62–4.13) | 2.82 (1.66–4.43) | |
| Other chronic conditions | 0 | 756/1031 (73) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| 1 | 405/529 (77) | 1.40 (0.98–2.05) | 1.19 (0.80–1.85) | |
| 2 or more | 195/252 (77) | 1.19 (0.70–2.16) | 1.01 (0.60–1.91) | |
| Microvascular disease | No | 1316/1769 (74) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Yes | 40/43 (93) | 1.85 (0.54–8) | 1.83 (0.77–8) | |
| Macrovascular disease | No | 1240/1674 (74) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Yes | 116/138 (84) | 1.22 (0.69–2.57) | 0.81 (0.41–1.84) | |
| Family physician visits | 0 to 6 | 585/812 (72) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| 7 to 12 | 328/422 (78) | 1.25 (0.86–1.87) | 1.31 (0.87–2.09) | |
| 13 or more | 443/578 (77) | 1.24 (0.85–1.91) | 1.18 (0.76–2.01) | |
| Specialist visits | No | 917/1271 (72) | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| Yes | 439/541 (81) | 1.90 (1.34–2.79) | 1.95 (1.34–2.96) | |