Table 1.
Biochemical characteristics measured in blood in relation to lycopene manipulation and meals
| MEN (N = 18) | n | LYr | LYs | Meal effect | LYs effect | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting | 3-h post | Fasting | 3-h post | p value | p value | ||
| HIGH-FAT MEAL | |||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 18 | 4.9 (SD 1.7) | 4.8 (SD 1.7) | 4.7 (SD 1.7) | 4.5 (SD 1.7) | 0.37 | 0.12 |
| HDL cholesterol mmol/l | 18 | 1.8 (SD 0.8) | 1.5 (SD 0.4) | 1.6 (SD 0.8) | 1.5 (SD 0.8) | <0.01 | 0.1 |
| Triacylglycerol, mmol/l | 18 | 0.8 (SD 0.4) | 1.6 (SD 0.8) | 1.0 (SD 0.8) | 1.9 (SD 1.2) | <0.01 | 0.16 |
| Glucose, mmol/l | 18 | 5.2 (SD 0.8) | 5.4 (SD 0.8) | 5.3 (SD 1.2) | 5.3 (SD 1.2) | 0.51 | 0.88 |
| Insulin, ρmol/l | 18 | 49 (SD 17) | 108 (SD 59) | 46 (SD 17) | 95 (SD 55) | <0.01 | 0.29 |
| Nitrate/nitrite, μmol/l | 18 | 35 (SD 17) | 31 (SD 13) | 32 (SD 17) | 29 (SD 17) | <0.01 | 0.29 |
| Malondialdehyde, μmol/l | 10 | 7.5 (SD 2.2) | 7.8 (SD 2.8) | 7.7 (SD 2.2) | 7.8 (SD 2.2) | 0.62 | 0.81 |
| sICAM-1, ng/ml | 8 | 178 (SD 40) | 181 (SD 42) | 220 (SD 99) | 168 (SD 51) | 0.29 | 0.4 |
| sVCAM-1, ng/ml | 8 | 441 (SD 124) | 416 (SD 144) | 413 (SD 133) | 392 (SD 141) | 0.11 | 0.57 |
| CRP, mg/l | 8 | 0.41 (SD 0.35) | 0.61 (SD 0.80) | 0.37 (SD 0.45) | 0.46 (SD 0.69) | 0.25 | 0.68 |
| LOW-FAT MEAL | |||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 18 | 4.6 (SD 1.7) | 4.7 (SD 1.3) | 4.5 (SD 1.3) | 4.4 (SD 1.3) | 0.96 | 0.25 |
| HDL cholesterol mmol/l | 18 | 1.5 (SD 0.4) | 1.5 (SD 0.4) | 1.4 (SD 0.4) | 1.3 (SD 0.4) | 0.31 | 0.1 |
| Triacylglycerol, mmol/l | 18 | 0.8 (SD 0.4) | 0.9 (SD 0.4) | 0.8 (SD 0.4) | 0.9 (SD 0.4) | 0.27 | 0.78 |
| Glucose, mmol/l | 18 | 5.1 (SD 0.8) | 4.6 (SD 0.8) | 5.2 (SD 0.8) | 4.9 (SD 1.3) | 0.01 | 0.2 |
| Insulin, ρmol/l | 18 | 47 (SD 17) | 173 (SD 93) | 48 (SD 21) | 169 (SD 106) | <0.01 | 0.93 |
| Nitrate/nitrite, μmol/l | 18 | 37 (SD 21) | 30 (SD 13) | 39 (SD 32) | 31 (SD 25) | <0.01 | 0.8 |
| Malondialdehyde, μmol/l | 10 | 7.9 (SD 2.2) | 7.1 (SD 1.9) | 8.5 (SD 2.5) | 7.7 (SD 1.9) | 0.11 | 0.1 |
| WOMEN (N = 9) HIGH-FAT MEAL | |||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 9 | 4.6 (SD 0.9) | 5.1 (SD 0.9) | 4.9 (SD 0.9) | 4.6 (SD 0.9) | 0.48 | 0.44 |
| HDL, cholesterol mmol/l | 9 | 2.0 (SD 0.9) | 1.8 (SD 0.6) | 2.0 (SD 0.9) | 1.8 (SD 0.6) | 0.07 | 0.89 |
| Triacylglycerol, mmol/l | 9 | 0.8 (SD 0.3) | 1.5 (SD 0.6) | 0.8 (SD 0.3) | 1.3 (SD 0.3) | <0.01 | 0.16 |
| Glucose, mmol/l | 9 | 4.6 (SD 0.3) | 4.6 (SD 0.6) | 5.3 (SD 0.6) | 5.3 (SD 0.6) | 0.95 | <0.01 |
| Insulin, ρmol/l | 9 | 77 (SD 60) | 208 (SD 117) | 57 (SD 36) | 148 (SD 57) | <0.01 | 0.08 |
| Nitrate/nitrite, μmol/l | 9 | 43 (SD 27) | 29 (SD 12) | 38 (SD 15) | 29 (SD 9) | <0.01 | 0.68 |
Notes: Values [means (SD)] were measured after a 1-wk lycopene-containing food restricted diet (LYr) followed by 1-wk of supplementation with a 80 mg/day >98% pure lycopene (LYs) under continued LYr in both a fasting state and 3-h post high-fat meal and low-fat meal in men and 3-h post high-fat meal in women. Probability values for the main effects of LYs and Meal are presented. There were no significant interactions.
Abbreviations: sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sVCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.