Table 1 Descriptive statistics and inter‐rater reliability for the identification and classification of communication failures and their associated negative outcomes.

	Observer 1	Observer 2	Observer 3	Reliability* (procedure)	Reliability† (event)
Number of procedures observed	18	20	16
Mean number of failures perprocedure
Total	3.00 (3.77)	2.80 (2.17)	2.56 (2.19)	0.76
Occasion	0.78 (1.06)	1.10 (1.25)	0.81 (1.05)		0.83
Purpose	0.89 (1.13)	1.10 (1.25)	0.75 (1.00)		0.33
Audience	0.44 (0.71)	0.20 (0.41)	0.56 (0.73)		0.71
Content	1.72 (0.24)	1.75 (0.22)	1.38 (0.25)		0.70
Mean number of outcomes per procedure
Total	2.64 (2.65)	2.06 (1.60)	2.31 (1.89)	0.64
Inefficiency	1.43 (1.83)	1.18 (0.88)	1.31 (1.38)		0.81
Delay	0.71 (1.38)	0.12 (0.33)	0.31 (0.63)		0.64
Tension	1.36 (1.60)	1.12 (1.45)	0.92 (1.44)		0.67
Resource waste	0.14 (0.36)	0.12 (0.33)	0.15 (0.38)		—
Workaround					—
Procedural error					—
Adverse event					—
Patient inconvenience					—

*Single‐rater generalisability coefficients for the total number of events recorded for each procedure.

†Mean of the three pairwise κ coefficients calculated for the type of event recorded, given that an event was recorded by both observers.