Table 4 Percentage of baseline concussion symptoms by sex (n = 1209).
| Symptom | Sex | % (mild) | % (moderate) | % (severe) | % (total) | χ2 (df = 3) | p | V† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | Male | 18.9 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 24.6 | 21.8 | 0.001** | 0.13 |
| Female | 22.9 | 9.3 | 2.2 | 34.4 | ||||
| Nausea | Male | 8.3 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 9.7 | 8.2 | 0.04* | 0.08 |
| Female | 13.1 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 15.1 | ||||
| Vomiting | Male | 3.4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 0.40 | 0.04 |
| Female | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | ||||
| Balance problems | Male | 8.1 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 9.8 | 0.4 | 0.95 | 0.02 |
| Female | 7.9 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 10.0 | ||||
| Dizziness | Male | 11.2 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 13.1 | 2.0 | 0.56 | 0.04 |
| Female | 11.6 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 14.7 | ||||
| Fatigue | Male | 25.7 | 13.4 | 1.4 | 40.4 | 10.6 | 0.014* | 0.09 |
| Female | 29.2 | 18.5 | 0.9 | 48.6 | ||||
| Trouble falling asleep | Male | 15.4 | 6.5 | 2.6 | 24.4 | 9.5 | 0.024* | 0.09 |
| Female | 17.9 | 10.4 | 1.6 | 29.9 | ||||
| Sleeping more than usual | Male | 8.6 | 4.5 | 0.5 | 13.5 | 8.9 | 0.03* | 0.09 |
| Female | 12.5 | 5.0 | 1.4 | 19.0 | ||||
| Sleeping less than usual | Male | 17.4 | 7.7 | 2.8 | 27.8 | 8.2 | 0.04* | 0.08 |
| Female | 18.6 | 12.0 | 1.8 | 32.4 | ||||
| Drowsiness | Male | 18.9 | 6.3 | 0.9 | 26.1 | 5.5 | 0.05* | 0.08 |
| Female | 21.0 | 10.0 | 1.3 | 32.3 | ||||
| Sensitive to light | Male | 8.6 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 0.012* | 0.10 |
| Female | 12.9 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 17.7 | ||||
| Sensitive to noise | Male | 6.6 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 8.3 | 10.7 | 0.013* | 0.09 |
| Female | 8.6 | 3.6 | 0.5 | 12.7 | ||||
| Irritability | Male | 12.7 | 5.4 | 1.2 | 19.4 | 12.2 | 0.007** | 0.10 |
| Female | 20.1 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 26.7 | ||||
| Sadness | Male | 11.5 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 13.8 | 16.5 | 0.001*** | 0.12 |
| Female | 17.0 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 22.2 | ||||
| Nervousness | Male | 13.7 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 17.5 | 12.7 | 0.005** | 0.10 |
| Female | 16.8 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 20.4 | ||||
| Feeling more emotional | Male | 10.8 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 13.4 | 51.1 | 0.001*** | 0.21 |
| Female | 18.5 | 7.9 | 2.5 | 28.9 | ||||
| Numbness | Male | 4.3 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 0.39 | 0.05 |
| Female | 3.4 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 4.5 | ||||
| Feeling slowed down | Male | 16.1 | 4.9 | 0.8 | 21.8 | 6.3 | 0.10 | 0.07 |
| Female | 21.3 | 5.2 | 0.4 | 26.9 | ||||
| Feeling mentally foggy | Male | 14.0 | 4.0 | 0.5 | 18.4 | 0.6 | 0.91 | 0.02 |
| Female | 14.7 | 4.7 | 0.4 | 19.7 | ||||
| Difficulty concentrating | Male | 18.1 | 5.4 | 1.2 | 24.7 | 9.4 | 0.025* | 0.09 |
| Female | 21.0 | 8.6 | 2.2 | 31.7 | ||||
| Difficulty remembering | Male | 12.4 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 16.4 | 3.3 | 0.35 | 0.05 |
| Female | 14.0 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 19.7 | ||||
| Visual problems | Male | 6.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| Female | 9.9 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 11.3 | ||||
| Total symptoms*** | Male | 66.2 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 67.8 | 12.3 | 0.006** | 0.10 |
| Female | 73.5 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 76.0 |
*Significant at the 0.05 level; **significant at the 0.01 level; ***significant at the 0.001 level.
†Cramer's V (measure of effect size).