Table 2 Standard Doppler echocardiographic quantitative analysis.
| Variable | Controls (n = 25) | Users (n = 20) | Non‐users (n = 25) |
|---|---|---|---|
| M‐mode echocardiography | |||
| Septal wall thickness (mm) | 9.31.1 | 12.31.3* | 11.22.1** |
| Posterior wall thickness (mm) | 8.42.1 | 11.81.4* | 10.42.1** |
| LV end‐diastolic diameter (mm) | 47.44.7 | 48.23.5 | 47.44.7 |
| LV end‐systolic diameter (mm) | 28.22.9 | 26.84.1 | 29.32.9 |
| Relative diastolic wall thickness | 0.430.04 | 0.450.06 | 0.460.04 |
| Endocardial fractional shortening (%) | 36.73.7 | 38.12.8 | 38.74.7 |
| LV mass index (g/m2.7) | 48.45.9 | 68.28.7* | 63.49.9** |
| LV ESSc (g/cm2) | 96.110.2 | 118.616.5* | 113.115.2* |
| RV end‐diastolic diameter (mm) | 21.22.8 | 21.42.2 | 20.23.8 |
| Standard Doppler analysis | |||
| LV stroke volume (ml) | 71.43.2 | 80.44.3* | 83.16.2** |
| Mitral peak E velocity m/s) | 0.740.17 | 0.770.17 | 0.780.12 |
| Mitral peak A velocity (m/s) | 0.530.14 | 0.490.14 | 0.530.12 |
| Mitral peak E:A ratio | 1.50.5 | 1.50.8 | 1.60.5 |
| Mitral E deceleration time (ms) | 151.317.7 | 159.317.7 | 160.616.3 |
| Mitral isovolumic relaxation time (ms) | 82.313.4 | 78.316.6 | 85.820.4 |
ESSc, circumferential end‐systolic stress; LV, Left ventricular; RV, right ventricular.
Values are mean (SD).
*p<0.001: users versus controls.
**p<0.01: non‐users versus controls.
†p<0.01 users versus non‐users.