Table 1 Characteristics of tennis players and normal controls.
| Athletes | Controls | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 14.8 (1.4) | 15.7 (1.4) | NS |
| (13–19) | (13–18) | ||
| BSA (m2) | 1.6 (0.2) | 1.6 (0.2) | NS |
| (1–2.2) | (1.2–2.3) | ||
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 54 (6) | 71 (11) | <0.001 |
| (40–78) | (48–96) | ||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 108 (11) | 113 (9) | <0.001 |
| (70–150) | (90–126) | ||
| IVSd (mm) | 8.9 (1.3) | 8.3 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| (6–12) | (6–11) | ||
| LVPWd (mm) | 9 (1.3) | 8.3 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| (6–12) | (5–11) | ||
| LVEDd (mm) | 48.9 (3.9) | 47.9 (3.5) | <0.05 |
| (32–59) | (37–54) | ||
| LVESd (mm) | 31.6 (4.1) | 31.9 (4.2) | NS |
| (22–42) | (22–46) | ||
| LVM (g) | 207 (62) | 155 (50) | <0.001 |
| (101–323) | (50–248) | ||
| FS (%) | 33.1 (4) | 31.9 (4) | NS |
| (31–40) | (30–39) | ||
| EF (%) | 72 (13) | 72 (11.8) | NS |
| (56–100) | (55–92) | ||
| E‐wave (m/s) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | NS |
| (0.5–1.7) | (0.6–1.8) | ||
| A‐wave (m/s) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.2) | = 0.005 |
| (0.2–0.9) | (0.2–0.8) | ||
| E/A ratio | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.2) | NS |
| (1.0–5.5) | (1.2–4.5) |
Values are mean (SD) and (range).
BSA, body surface area; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; IVSd, interventricular septal end diastolic dimension; LVPWd, left ventricular end diastolic posterior wall dimension; LVEDd, left ventricular end diastolic dimension; LVESd, left ventricular end systolic dimension; LVM, left ventricular mass; FS, Fractional shortening.