Table 1 Mean (SD) normalised EMG levels during the pre‐impact phase of the volley.
| Muscle* | Ball speed | Ball type | Side* | Muscle overall | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slow | Medium | Fast | Penn Oversize | Wilson Rally | Regular | Forehand | Backhand | ||
| Flexor carpi radialis | 42.8 (27.5) | 42.7 (26.1) | 45.4 (29.4) | 43.4 (28.4) | 42.3 (26.3) | 45.2 (28.4) | 50.2 (29.1) | 37.0 (24.6) | 43.6†,‡ (3.7) |
| Extensor carpi radialis | 46.5 (21.3) | 49.6 (21.1) | 52.0 (23.2) | 49.6 (22.0) | 50.5 (23.3) | 48.0 (20.6) | 42.4 (20.2) | 56.3 (21.4) | 49.4†§¶ (4.1) |
| Triceps brachii | 46.2 (21.1) | 47.6 (22.5) | 51.9 (25.6) | 48.0 (23.9) | 49.3 (23.9) | 48.5 (21.9) | 45.2 (24.4) | 52.0 (21.4) | 48.6**,†† (2.4) |
| Antero‐middle deltoid | 58.2 (44.1) | 61.7 (42.7) | 65.0 (42.0) | 63.9 (44.7) | 62.4 (44.2) | 58.7 (39.8) | 75.5 (47.6) | 47.8 (32.4) | 61.7†,§,**,‡‡ (7.8) |
| Postero‐middle deltoid | 36.4 (24.6) | 40.5 (27.1) | 42.9 (27.8) | 40.5 (29.2) | 39.5 (26.4) | 39.8 (25.5) | 30.4 (21.8) | 49.5 (28.4) | 39.9§,¶,††,‡‡ (5.4) |
| Average (SD) | 46.0§§ (7.9) | 48.4 (8.3) | 51.4§§ (8.6) | 49.1 (9.0) | 48.8 (8.9) | 48.0 (6.9) | 48.7 (16.6) | 48.5 (7.2) | |
*Significant interaction between muscle and side (p<0.05).
†,‡,§,¶,**,††,‡‡,§§, Significant difference between levels of the same symbol (p<0.05).