Table 7 Health factors for lower extremity injury.

Determinant	Author	Injury	Specification of determinant	Outcome (95% CI)
History of previous injuries	Wen et al, 199821	Overall injuries*	History of previous injuries†	RR = 2.02 (1.27 to 3.21)‡
		Shin injuries	History of old shin injuries†	RR = 7.24 (2.40 to 21.82)‡
	Macera et al, 198914	Lower extremity injuries	M, new lower extremity injury during the previous 12 m	OR = 2.7 (2.6 to 2.7)‡
			F, new lower extremity injury during the previous 12 m	OR = 1.9 (0.7 to 4.9)‡
	Walter et al, 198920	New injuries*	M, injured in previous year	OR = 1.69 (1.27 to 2.25)‡
			F, injured in previous year	OR = 2.35 (1.33 to 4.07)‡
	Kretsch et al, 198411	Overall injuries*	Number of medical or physical problems experienced during training	p>0.05
	Macera et al, 199123	Lower extremity musculoskeletal problems	M, previous musculoskeletal problems in the past year	OR = 6.3 (3.7 to 10.8)‡
			F, previous musculoskeletal problems in the past year	OR = 7.6 (2.0 to 28.4)‡
Medical history	Satterthwaite et al, 199917	Stiffness and/or pain in knee	Current medication use	OR = 1.56 (1.02 to 2.32)‡
			Being unwell in last 2 wk before marathon	OR = 1.42 (1.03 to 1.95)‡
	Kretsch et al, 198411	Overall injuries*	Positive medical history	p<0.025

*Not‐running injuries and running, but not lower extremity, injuries were included to establish the outcome.

†RRs were calculated dividing the number of injured runners by the total number of runner‐weeks accumulated (relative incidence ratios).

‡Represents adjusted OR or RR.

CI, confidence interval; m, months; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk; wk, week.