Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression relating country indicators to mortality groups.
| Group Covariates | Adult mortality, men | Child mortality, under‐five | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mid‐level (group 2) v better‐off (group 1) | Worse‐off (group 3) v better‐off (group 1) | Mid‐level (group 2) v better‐off (group 1) | Worse‐off (group 3) v better‐off (group 1) | |||||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Income category | ||||||||
| GNI per capita, PPP ($) | 0.99§ (0.99 to 0.99) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) | 0.99§ (0.99 to 0.99) | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | 0.99§ (0.99 to 0.99) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) | 0.99§ (0.99 to 0.99) | 0.76 (0) |
| Education outcome | ||||||||
| Adult illiteracy rate, men (%) | 1.05‡ (1.01 to 1.08) | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.30) | 1.09§ (1.05 to 1.13) | 1.15 (0.73 to 1.80) | 1.11§ (1.06 to 1.16) | 0.89 (0.64 to 1.24) | 1.19§ (1.12 to 1.27) | 5.49×100.07 (0) |
| Adult illiteracy rate, women (%) | 1.03‡ (1.01 to 1.05) | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.10) | 1.05§ (1.02 to 1.07) | 1.05 (0.74 to 1.47) | 1.06§ (1.03 to 1.09) | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.43) | 1.12§ (1.07 to 1.17) | 0.16 (0) |
| Health expenditure | ||||||||
| Health expenditure per capita ($) | 0.99§ (0.99 to 0.99) | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | 0.98§ (0.97 to 0.99) | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.17) | 0.98§ (0.98 to 0.99) | 0.89* (0.77 to 1.02) | 0.81§ (0.72 to 0.90) | 2.90×10−8 (0) |
| Health expenditure, public (%) | 0.71‡ (0.57 to 0.88) | 2.78† (1.11 to 6.92) | 0.55§ (0.40 to 0.76) | 2.33* (0.06 to 8.81) | 0.65§ (0.51 to 0.83) | 10.75 (0.85 to 135.69) | 0.43§ (0.28 to 0.65) | 0.00 (0) |
| Environmental health factor | ||||||||
| Improved water source (%) | 0.93§ (0.90 to 0.95) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.02) | 0.91§ (0.88 to 0.94) | 1.07 (0.80 to 1.43) | 0.92§ (0.89 to 0.95) | 0.98 (0.84 to 1.13) | 0.87§ (0.83 to 0.91) | 1.69×10−6 (0) |
| Improved sanitation facilities (%) | 0.94§ (0.92 to 0.97) | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.05) | 0.93§ (0.91 to 0.96) | 1.01 (0.92 to 1.12) | 0.93§ (0.91 to 0.96) | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.07) | 0.91§ (0.88 to 0.94) | 89.78 (0) |
| Health condition | ||||||||
| TB incidence (%) | 1.01§ (1.01 to 1.02) | 1.00* (0.99 to 1.02) | 1.04§ (1.02 to 1.05) | 1.04 (0.96 to 1.12) | 1.02§ (1.01 to 1.03) | 1.01* (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.02§ (1.01 to 1.03) | 0.61 (0.99 to 1.04) |
| HIV prevalence (%) | 2.71§ (1.51 to 4.88) | 1.41 (0.60 to 3.31) | 6.43§ (3.16 to 13.08) | 18.62* (0.30 to 1135) | 3.12§ (1.86 to 5.25) | 2.24* (0.75 to 6.71) | 3.10§ (1.84 to 5.21) | 8.83×1019 (0) |
| n | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | ||||
| Log likelihood | −30.039442 | −30.039442 | −9.0381474 | −9.0381474 | ||||
| Pseudo‐R2 | 0.6572 | 0.6572 | 0.8927 | 0.8927 | ||||
GNI, gross national income; PPP, purchasing power parity; TB, tuberculosis.
*Approaching borderline significance at p<0.1; †significant at p<0.05 level; ‡significant at p<0.01 level; §significant at p<0.001 level.