Table 4 Marginal effects of main explanatory variables†.

Independent variable	Marginal effects: percentage change in infant mortality associated with a 10% increase in the independent variable‡
Family Health Program	−4.56** (−5.68 to −3.44)
(% of population covered)
Water access	−2.92** (−5.01 to −0.84)
(% population covered)
Hospital beds	−1.35** (−2.16 to −0.55)
(per 1000 population)
Female illiteracy	16.82** (11.38 to 22.26)
(% women >15 years who are illiterate)
Fertility	1.78** (0.49 to 3.08)
(mean number children/woman)
Mean income	1.11** (0.37 to 1.85)
(in constant R$)

95% Confidence intervals errors in parentheses. **Significant (p<0.01). †Based on final model (model 4 from table 2); non‐significant variables and fixed effects not shown. ‡Marginal effects evaluated at the mean of all other independent variables (predicted IMR = 37.441).