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. 2007 Feb;61(2):108–114. doi: 10.1136/jech.2006.048520

Table 2 Effects of adjusting for environmental, social and personal variables on associations between women's education level and likelihood of leisure‐time walking in multilevel logistic regression models*.

Variables Model 1 (education only) Model 2 (education and environmental mediators) Model 3 (education, environmental and social mediators) Model 4 (education, environmental, social and personal mediators)
Education
 Up to 10 years 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
 12 years/certificate/trade 1.12 0.81 to 1.43 1.09 0.78 to 1.41 1.01 0.68 to 1.34 1.05 0.70 to 1.41
 University 1.45 1.13 to 1.77 1.30 0.97 to 1.62 1.23 0.89 to 1.58 1.19 0.82 to 1.56
Environmental variables
 Walking track length
  Lowest quartile 1.00 1.00 1.00
  Second quartile 1.30 0.97 to 1.63 1.32 0.95 to 1.68 1.28 0.92 to 1.63
  Third quartile 1.54 1.21 to 1.86 1.51 1.17 to 1.84 1.46 1.10 to 1.81
  Highest quartile 1.17 0.82 to 1.51 1.23 0.87 to 1.58 1.32 0.94 to 1.69
 Not coastal neighbourhood 1.00 1.00 1.00
 Coastal neighbourhood 1.78 1.38 to 2.19 1.60 1.19 to 2.02 1.46 1.02 to 1.90
 Neighbourhood aesthetics
  Low 1.00 1.00 1.00
  Mid 1.14 0.84 to 1.44 1.05 0.74 to 1.37 0.90 0.57 to 1.24
  High 1.53 1.18 to 1.88 1.36 0.99 to 1.72 1.00 0.61 to 1.39
 Neighbourhood safety
  Low 1.00 1.00 1.00
  Mid 1.28 0.99 to 1.58 1.20 0.89 to 1.51 1.09 0.76 to 1.42
  High 1.55 1.24 to 1.87 1.43 1.11 to 1.76 1.26 0.91 to 1.60
Social variables
 Family social support
  Low 1.00 1.00
  Mid 1.12 0.84 to 1.41 1.01 0.70 to 1.31
  High 1.69 1.37 to 2.00 1.29 0.94 to 1.63
 Friends' social support
  Low 1.00 1.00
  Mid 1.38 1.10 to 1.66 1.39 1.09 to 1.69
  High 2.13 1.79 to 2.48 1.77 1.39 to 2.14
 Club membership 1.00 1.00
 No club membership 0.85 0.57 to 1.13 0.96 0.65 to 1.27
 Not dog owner 1.00 1.00
 Dog owner 1.72 1.46 to 1.98 1.68 1.40 to 1.95
Personal variables
 Self‐efficacy
  Low 1.00
  Mid 1.63 1.31 to 1.94
  High 2.27 1.90 to 2.64
 Enjoyment
  Low 1.00
  Mid 1.81 1.51 to 2.11
  High 2.71 2.36 to 3.05
 Barriers
  Low 1.00
  Mid 0.77 0.43 to 1.12
  High 0.75 0.38 to 1.12
 Intentions 1.00
  Low 1.79 1.48 to 2.11
  Mid 1.73 1.35 to 2.11
  High
Random effects
 Area‐level
  Median OR 1.17 1.00 1.00 1.00

Values are OR (95% CI).

*Multilevel logistic regression models show the ORs for the likelihood of leisure‐time walking according to education and environmental, social and personal variables. The median OR reflects the level‐2 variation (ie the variation in the likelihood of leisure‐time walking that is between neighbourhoods rather than between individuals).