Table 4 Proximity to, and density of, fast food restaurants and various types of food stores by neighbourhood socioeconomic status*.
| Store type‡ | Neighbourhood SES tertile† | Significant pairwise comparisons§ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High (n = 3993) | Middle (n = 2372) | Low (n = 1230) | |||
| Proximity (mean closest distance to participant's home, in miles) | Fast food | 0.897 (0.631; 0.014–5.081) | 0.613 (0.372; 0.011–2.256) | 0.853 (0.555; 0.039–2.905) | All (p<0.05) |
| Convenience | 0.960 (0.654; 0.008–4.827) | 0.556 (0.382; 0.007–2.492) | 0.501 (0.301; 0.004–1.827) | All (p<0.01) | |
| Small grocery | 1.046 (0.883; 0.011–5.562) | 0.787 (0.420; 0.021–2.754) | 0.481 (0.333; 0.012–1.817) | All (p<0.001) | |
| Ethnic market | 1.398 (1.131; 0.000–5.486) | 1.044 (0.877; 0.000–4.073) | 1.321 (0.966; 0.027–4.374) | All (p<0.05) | |
| Supermarket | 1.050 (0.613; 0.019–4.753) | 0.731 (0.454; 0.017–3.549) | 0.822 (0.528; 0.019–2.740) | All (p<0.001) | |
| Store type‡ | High (n = 25) | Middle (n = 25) | Low (n = 29) | ||
| Store density (count per square mile) in neighbourhood and buffer zone¶,** | Fast food | 4.39 (4.41; 0–13.15) | 5.27 (4.39; 0–15.16) | 2.76 (3.63; 0–14.33) | NS |
| Convenience | 3.16 (4.75; 0–17.53) | 3.85 (3.23; 0–13.72) | 3.94 (3.26; 0.40–14.34) | NS | |
| Small grocery | 3.48 (3.96; 0–13.15) | 2.82 (3.22; 0–12.30) | 5.54 (5.47; 0–20.74) | NS | |
| Ethnic market | 0.61 (1.13; 0–3.53) | 0.83 (1.23; 0–4.20) | 2.77 (3.74; 0–14.51) | L vs M, H (p<0.01) | |
| Supermarket | 1.19 (1.54; 0–5.00) | 1.21 (1.62; 0–6.38) | 1.29 (1.67; 0–7.33) | NS | |
H, high, L, low; M, medium; NS, not significant; SES, socioeconomic status.
*Values shown represent mean (SD; range). Values for proximity are obtained by averaging the closest distances of each type of store for all participants (n = 7595) by neighbourhood SES tertile. Values for store density are obtained by averaging the density of each type of store by neighbourhood SES tertile.
†Neighbourhood SES index derived from census information on median family income, median housing value, percentage of blue collar workers, percentage of unemployed and percentage having less than high‐school education. Tertiles were created from survey‐specific data, explaining why NS for all tertiles are not equal.
‡Definitions of store types are given in table 2.
§Pairwise comparisons were assessed using Bonferroni's test at a 5% procedure‐wise error rate.
¶Neighbourhood buffer includes neighbourhood and a 0.5 mile surrounding radius.
**Using data from Survey 5.