Table 2.

Cumulative Proportion of Health Payments by Consumption Deciles and Kakwani's indices, Malaysia 1998/99

Indices	Consumption	Direct taxes	Indirect taxes	Contributions to EPF and SOCSO	Private insurance premiums	Out-of- pocket payments
Gini/Concentration index	0.4051*	0.8003*	0.3273*	0.4862*	0.6985*	0.5094*
Robust standard error	-	0.0072	0.0642	0.0094	001735	0.0363
95% Confidence intervals	-	0.6745–0.9261	0.3089–0.3457	0.4435–0.5289	0.3585–1.0385	0.4383–0.5805
Kakwani indices	-	0.3952*	-0.0779*	0.0811*	0.2934	0.1043*
Robust standard error	-	0.0620	0.0088	0.0204	0.1726	0.0358
95% Confidence intervals		0.2737–0.5167	-0.0607- (-0.0951)	0.0412–0.1210	0.2917–0.2951	0.1018–0.1068

Note: * significantly different from zero at 5%.