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a–d Light (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) and leaf area index (LAI) distribution in the canopy of four successional secondary forest stages (n = 70–200) (for cumulative LAI, see Table 1). Stages I, II and III are stages of the same stand; stage IV is a separate stand. Note that in stage IV, layers of 25 cm are grouped together into layers of 1 m. Bars: Standard error
