Table 1.

Summary of largest reported series on LCA.

	n	Age, years	Follow-up, months	Tumour diameter, cm	% of RCC	Failures/ Recurrences	Operative time, min.	Hospital stay, days	Complications
Lee et al. [68]	20	67.9 (43–84)	20.3 (1–40)	2.6 (1.4–4.5)	55%	1/0	305.9	2.6	Atrial fibrilation (1), ECG changes, no MI (1), Pancreatic injury (1), transient raised lipase-amylase (5), Transfusion (1)
Nadler et al. [69]	15	68.5 (49–86)	15 (4.9–27)	2.15 (1.2–3.2)	67%	1/1		3.5	Respiratory failure (1), prolonged ileus (1)
Schwartz et al. § [71]	70	67 (32–85)	10 (3–36)	2.6 (1.2–4.7)	59%	1/1		2.2	CVA (1), transfusion (2), renal fracture (1), Transient hydronephrosis (1)
Cestari et al. [72]	70	63.2	36 (28–48)	2.37 (1–6)	69%	0/1	181.4	4.5	Haematuria (2), pyrexia (6), bleeding (1), Anaemia (6), Pulmonar oedema (1), PUJ Obstruction
Hegarty et al. [73]	60		72	2.3 (1–4.5)		0/3	174.2	2.4	2% transfusion rate. Congestive Heart Failure (1), Splenic haematoma (1), oesophagitis (1), Pleural effusion (1)
Moon et al. [74]	16		9.6 (1–28)	2.6 (1.5–3.5)	33%	0/0	188	1.9	Pneumonia (1)
Polascik et al. [76]	26	64 (44–79)	20.9 (2–53)	2.5 (1–3.5)		0/0		2 (0–9)*	Transfusion (1), prolonged ileus (1)
Beemster et al. [77]	26		17.2 (6–36)	2.4 (1.3–3.8)		1/0			Paraesthesia (1), UTI (1), pneumonia

n: Number of patients.

RCC: Renal cell carcinomas found on histology.

Values expressed as mean unless stated otherwise.

^§Total of 84 cases in this series. Only 70 of them were performed laparoscopically.

*Value expressed as median.