The activation domains of p53 and NF-κB p65 contain a FXXΦΦ motif. (A) Amino acid sequences of the activation domains of VP16, p53, and p65. FXXΦΦ sequences are indicated by boxes. (B) In vitro protein–protein interaction assays. Binding of TAF1–140 to GST-VP16452–490 (lane 1), GST-VP16469–485 (lane 2), GST-p531–52 (lane 3), GST-p539–25 (lane 4), GST-p65522–551 (lane 5), and GST-p65532–548 (lane 6) is evident. TAF1–140 is not retained on GST resin (lane 7). The position of TAF1–140 is indicated by an arrowhead. (C) In vitro transcription assays. Transcriptional activation by activation domains fused with the GAL4 DNA-binding domain was assayed in HeLa nuclear extracts. The reactions contained 2 pmol of the purified proteins and 100 ng of pG5BCAT template containing the adenovirus E1b promoter linked to five GAL4 recognition sites. The products of the transcription reactions were analyzed by primer extension. Lane 1 shows basal transcription without GAL4 proteins. The transcriptional activation by GAL4-VP16452–490 (lane 3), GAL4-VP16469–485 (lane 4), GAL4-p531–52 (lane 5), GAL4-p539–25 (lane 6), GAL4-p65522–551 (lane 7), and GAL4-p65532–548 (lane 8) is greater than that observed for GAL4 alone (lane 2).