Fig. 4.

“Tradeoff flowers” depicting alternative scenarios for ecotourism projects aimed at biodiversity protection and economic growth. (a) Unrestrained ecotourism can lead to infrastructure and human traffic that degrades many ecosystem services, and ecotourism itself collapses. (b) Ecotourism develops with good management of biodiversity and ecosystem services, so that income flows from tourism, biodiversity is enhanced, and ecosystem services are not lost. (c) Ecotourism develops and biodiversity is protected in nature reserves, but the increase in roads and hotels undermines water quality and fisheries, causing tradeoffs among ecosystem services and development. Which outcome is realized is largely a matter of a good management plans and making sure the intensity of human use is not too high.