Table 1.
Definition of Esophageal Motility Disorders
| Diagnoses | Manometric impairments |
| Aperistalsis | |
| Absent or simultaneous contractions (<30 mmHg) | |
| Ineffective esophageal motility | |
| ≥3 peristaltic contractions with failure of wave progression or failed peristalsis over a segment of the distal esophagus | |
| Normal | |
| Normal velocity | |
| Normal peristaltic amplitude | |
| ≥7 peristaltic contractions with an intact wave progression (amplitude >30 mmHg) | |
| Nutcracker esophagus | |
| Average peristaltic amplitude >180 mmHg over pressure sensors 3 and 8 cm above LES | |
| Isolated hypertensive LES | |
| Basal LES pressure greater than 45 mmHg | |
| Distal esophageal spasm (DES) | |
| Contractile velocity >8 cm/s mmHg over pressure sensors 3 and 8 cm above LES in ≥ 2 swallows | |
| Atypical disorders of LES relaxation | |
| Abnormal LES relaxation, may have simultaneous or absent peristalsis | |
| Achalasia | |
| Abnormal LES relaxation | |
| Absent or simultaneous contractions |
Modified from Pandolfino et al [48]