Table 4.

Distribution of isolates in empyema and pleural effusion specimens by country.

Empyema or Pleural Fluid Isolates	Vietnam	China	Korea	Taiwan	Total
	(n = 665)	(n = 461)	(n = 134)	(n = 119)	(n = 1,379)
Culture negative	496 (74.6)	424 (92.0)	25 (18.7)	33 (27.7)	978 (70.9)
Staphylococcus aureus	81 (12.2)	7 (1.5)	32 (23.9)	6 (5.0)	126 (9.1)
Streptococcus pneumoniae	3 (0.5)	5 (1.1)	9 (6.7)	66 (55.5)	83 (6.0)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	19 (2.9)	5 (1.1)	12 (9.0)	1 (0.8)	37 (2.7)
Klebsiella spp.	28 (4.2)	4 (0.9)	3 (2.2)	0 (0)	35 (2.5)
Acinetobacter spp.	4 (0.6)	0 (0)	30 (22.4)	0 (0)	34 (2.5)
Escherichia coli	9 (1.4)	1 (0.2)	2 (1.5)	1 (0.8)	13 (0.9)
Enterococcus spp.	2 (0.3)	1 (0.2)	8 (6.0)	0 (0)	11 (0.8)
Haemophilus influenzae type b	9 (1.4)	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	4 (3.4)	14 (1.0)
Enterobacter spp.	1 (0.2)	2 (0.4)	6 (4.5)	0 (0)	9 (0.7)
Streptococcus spp.	8 (1.2)	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	1 (0.8)	10 (0.7)
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	0 (0)	1 (0.2)	3 (2.2)	0 (0)	4 (0.3)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (3.4)	4 (0.3)
Corynebacterium spp.	0 (0)	2 (0.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (0.2)
Candida albicans	2 (0.3)	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	0 (0)	3 (0.2)
Citrobacter spp.	2 (0.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (0.2)
Fungi	0 (0)	2 (0.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (0.2)
Micrococcus spp.	0 (0)	2 (0.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (0.2)
Burkholderia cepacia	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)
Haemophilus parainfluenzae	0 (0)	1 (0.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)
Anaerobic	1 (0.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)
Neisseria spp.	0 (0)	1 (0.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)
Staphylococcus epidermidis	0 (0)	1 (.02)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)
Staphylococcus intermedius	0 (0)	1 (0.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)
viridans group streptococci	0 (0)	1 (0.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)
Veillonella spp.	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.8)	1 (0.1)
Clostridium spp.	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.8)	1 (0.1)
Prevotella spp.	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.8)	1 (0.1)
Total	665 (100)	461 (100)	134 (100)	119 (100)	1,379 (100)