Table 2.
Characteristics of participants enrolled in Look AHEAD grouped by whether they provided at least some level of consent to participate in DNA studies (limited to clinics having IRB approval to conduct study), which overall was 89.7%.
| Characteristic | N | Percent Providing Consent | Uniformity Across All Subgroups p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Years with diabetes | |||
| <5 | 1848 | 89.1% | |
| 5−9 | 1094 | 89.8% | 0.43 |
| 10+ |
1054 |
90.5% |
|
| CVD history | |||
| No | 3408 | 89.3% | 0.05 |
| Yes |
588 |
91.8% |
|
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 712 | 89.7% | 0.92 |
| Yes |
3284 |
89.6% |
|
| Hyperlipidemia | |||
| No | 1289 | 88.2% | 0.01 |
| Yes |
2707 |
90.3% |
|
| HbA1c | |||
| <7.0% | 1839 | 88.9% | |
| 7.0−8.9% | 1796 | 90.4% | 0.37 |
| 9.0−10.9% |
361 |
90.0% |
|
| Sex | |||
| Female | 2341 | 88.5% | 0.02 |
| Male |
1655 |
91.3% |
|
| Age, yrs | |||
| 45−54 | 965 | 88.7% | |
| 55−64 | 2177 | 89.4% | 0.11 |
| 65−75 |
853 |
91.2% |
|
| Education, yrs | |||
| <13 (high school) | 656 | 89.3% | 0.01 |
| 13−16 (college) | 1552 | 91.5% | |
| ≥17 (graduate school) |
1698 |
88.0% |
|
| Ethnicity | |||
| Latino | 352 | 87.5% | 0.08 |
| Non-Latino |
3638 |
89.9% |
|
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| African-American | 666 | 81.7% | |
| American Indian | 154 | 90.3% | |
| Asian | 30 | 100.0% | <0.001 |
| White | 2706 | 91.9% | |
| Hispanic | 352 | 87.5% | |
| Other/Multiple |
82 |
84.1% |
|
| Family Income | |||
| <$25,000 | 338 | 90.2% | |
| $25−49,999 | 1517 | 91.4% | 0.66 |
| $50,000+ |
1706 |
90.3% |
|
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| Never | 1960 | 89.1% | |
| Former | 1847 | 90.0% | 0.59 |
| Current |
175 |
90.9% |
|
| Fitness, METS | |||
| <5 | 464 | 88.8% | |
| 5−9 | 3154 | 89.9% | 0.74 |
| 10+ |
378 |
88.4% |
|
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| 25−29 | 578 | 88.1% | |
| 30−34 | 1356 | 89.2% | 0.34 |
| 35+ | 2056 | 90.4% |