FIGURE 1.

Oxidative stress increases IL-8 production by RPE. ARPE-19 cells were cultured in serum-, pyruvate-, and phenol red-free DMEM in the presence of different concentrations of H₂O₂ for 1 h (panel A), or in the presence of different concentrations of paraquat for 1 h (panel B) and allowed to recover for 8 h in DMEM containing 10% FBS, pyruvate, and phenol red. Alternatively, ARPE-19 cells were treated with blue light, A2E, or A2E plus blue light as indicated under “Experimental Procedures” (panel C). Levels of IL-8 in the medium were detected by ELISA and expressed as -fold changes in response to oxidative stress. The results are the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments. *, p < 0.01 as compared with the control group; #, p < 0.01 as compared with blue light or A2E alone.