Table 1.
Human AID/APOBEC paralogs
| Name | Genomic location | Exons | Deaminase domains | Expression | Cellular localization | Editing activity | Target | References |
| AID | 12p13 | 5 | 1 | Activated B cells, Testis | Mainly cytoplasmic, acts in the nucleus | DNA | Immunoglobulin gene | [3,31] |
| APOBEC1 | 12p13.1 | 5 | 1 | Small intestine | Cytoplasmic/nuclear, acts in the nucleus | RNA, DNA | Apolipoprotein B mRNA | [1,2] |
| APOBEC2 | 6p21 | 3 | 1 | Skeletal muscle, heart | Cytoplasmic/nuclear | Unknown | Unknown | [15,16] |
| APOBEC3A | 22q13.1 | 5 | 1 | Keratinocytes, blood | Predominantly nuclear | DNA | Adeno-associated virus, retrotransposons | [4,104] |
| APOBEC3B | 22q13.1 | 8 | 2 | Intestine, uterus, mammary gland, keratinocytes, other | Cytoplasmic/nuclear | DNA | Retroviruses, retrotransposons, HBV | [4,104] |
| APOBEC3C | 22q13.1 | 4 | 1 | Many tissues | Cytoplasmic/nuclear | DNA | Retroviruses, retrotransposons, HBV | [4] |
| APOBEC3DE | 22q13.1 | 7 | 2 | Thyroid, spleen, blood | Unknown | DNA | Retroviruses | [4,10,107] |
| APOBEC3F | 22q13.1 | 8 | 2 | Many tissues | Cytoplasmic | DNA | Retroviruses, retrotransposons, HBV | [4] |
| APOBEC3G | 22q13.1 | 8 | 2 | Many tissues, T cells | Cytoplasmic | DNA | Retroviruses, retrotransposons, HBV | [4,5] |
| APOBEC3H | 22q13.1 | 5 | 1 | Blood, thymus, thyroid, placenta | Unknown | DNA | Retroviruses | [10,107] |
| LOC196469* | 12q23 | 1 | 2 | Pseudogene | - | - | - | [10,107] |
| APOBEC4 | 1q25.3 | 2 | 1 | Testis | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | [14] |
*This pseudogene originated from a recent retrotranspositional event. HBV, hepatitis B virus.