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. 2008 Jun 2;12(3):R73. doi: 10.1186/cc6913

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Copyright © 2008 Bruegger et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Exemplary electron microscopic images of hearts without ischemia (a) and hearts subjected to 15 minutes of warm ischemia and 20 minutes of reperfusion without nitric oxide (NO) (b) (Control group) and with 4 μM exogenous NO (c) (NO group). The glycocalyx of 200 to 300 nm in width normally present in all vessels has virtually disappeared after ischemia and reperfusion in the absence of NO and edema has developed. NO partly mitigated these effects. The effect of heparinase is shown in (d) (HEP group) and (e) (HEP+NO group). EG, endothelial glycocalyx; IS, interstitial space; M, cardiomyocytes; VL, vascular lumen.