Table I.
Median values (95% confidence limits) for patient medians; for the N1, N2, N3 patients; and for the aggregate values for the N3 patients (see text). Results of Mann-Whitney U-tests, for comparisons of values before and after the first detection of gametocytes are denoted * P < 0.01, **P < 0.0002, both for the N3 patients and the N2 + N3 patients (denoted in the N2 rows). Columns are for patients infected with P. falciparum (FAL), P. vivax (VIV), P. malariae (MAL), or P. ovale (OVA). Rows show log 10 per-μl parasitemia or gametocytemia (gam), patient fever (fvr) in degrees C or daily frequency (/d), the number of days between the first fever and intervention (1st fvr–end), the first fever and first gametocytemia (1st fvr–1st gam), or the first gametocyte and intervention (1st gam–end). Thus, rows are for parasitemia at the first fever (1st fvr), temperature of the first fever, day of the first fever (with the first day of patency as day 1), day of the first gametocytemia (with the first day of patency as day 1), parasitemia before and after the first gametocytemia, fever before and after the first gametocytemia, fever frequency per day (/d) before and after the first gametocytemia, the difference in fever frequency (before–after), and the daily frequency of gametocytemia (/d).
| FAL trophozoite | FAL sporozoite | VIV trophozoite | VIV sporozoite | MAL trophozoite | OVA trophozoite | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N1 Patients | 27 | 20 | 14 | 27 | 26 | 9 |
| 1st fvr parasitemia | 2.76 (1.78–3.48) | 2.19 (1.78–2.88) | 2.15 (1.00–2.91) | 1.66 (1.00–2.30) | 2.88 (2.43–3.41) | 2.84 (1.00–3.61) |
| 1st fvr temperature | 39.6 (38.9–40.0) | 39.8 (38.9–40.6) | 39.2 (38.6–40.0) | 39.1 (38.7–39.6) | 38.9 (38.3–39.4) | 40.1 (38.3–40.8) |
| 1st fvr day | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 12.5 (6–15) | 3.5 (1–8) |
| Parasitemia | 3.88 (3.32–4.57) | 3.58 (3.11–4.15) | 3.49 (2.48–3.91) | 3.01 (2.52–3.53) | 3.29 (2.28–3.57) | 2.06 (1.00–2.90) |
| Fever | 40.1 (39.6–40.6) | 40.4 (40.2–40.6) | 40.1 (39.3–40.7) | 40.4 (39.7–40.8) | 39.4 (39.0–40.0) | 39.7 (38.8–40.8) |
| Fever (/d) | 0.85 (0.67–1.0) | 0.81 (0.67–0.86) | 0.82 (0.67–1.0) | 0.77 (0.47–0.88) | 0.37 (0.06–0.53) | 0.19 (0.11–0.75) |
| 1st fvr–end (d) | 5 (3–8) | 6 (3–7) | 6 (4–7) | 8 (7–12) | 42 (10–67) | 43 (8–64) |
| N2 Patients | 14 | 6 | 20 | 22 | 8 | |
| 1st fvr parasitemia | 2.94 (1.00–3.41) | 2.16 (1.30–4.35) | 1.69 (1.00–2.57) | 1.53 (1.00–2.08) | 2.08 (1.00–3.47) | |
| 1st fvr temperature | 39.6 (38.6–40.8) | 39.9 (39.2–40.6) | 39.5 (38.6–40.0) | 39.1 (38.3–39.8) | 38.9 (38.3–39.9) | |
| 1st fvr day | 2.5 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 6 (1–12) | |
| 1st gam day | 8.5 (7–11) | 12 (8–21) | 9.5 (7–12) | 10 (7–13.5) | 29 (8–60) | |
| 1st fvr–1st gam (d) | 6 (5–9) | 9 (6–19) | 7.5 (3–10) | 8 (5–10.5) | 21 (5–48) | |
| Parasitemia before | 3.28 (2.63–3.82) | 3.71 (3.04–4.39) | 3.02 (2.55–3.62) | 3.26 (2.68–3.61) | 3.23 (1.85–3.74) | |
| Parasitemia after | 4.16 (3.82–4.55) | 4.10 (1.60–4.69) | 4.05 (3.59–4.16)** | 3.88 (3.46–4.02)** | 3.36 (2.92–3.99)* | |
| Fever before | 40.3 (39.3–41.1) | 40.0 (39.4–41.1) | 40.3 (39.4–40.6) | 40.3 (38.9–40.6) | 39.8 (38.6–40.6) | |
| Fever after | 40.8 (40.2–41.1) | 40.2 (38.9–41.1) | 40.6 (39.9–41.0)** | 40.6 (39.9–40.8)** | 39.8 (38.9–40.8) | |
| Fever (/d) before | 0.69 (0.50–0.80) | 0.71 (0.47–1.0) | 0.69 (0.62–0.78) | 0.72 (0.60–0.85) | 0.38 (0.20–0.45) | |
| Fever (/d) after | 1.0 (0.67–1.0)** | 0.67 (0.50–1.0)* | 0.93 (0.67–1.0) | 1.0 (0.53–1.0) | 0.48 (0.09–1.0) | |
| Difference (/d) | −0.2 (−0.50–0.0) | 0.04 (−0.33–0.50) | −0.09 (−0.33–0.03) | −0.22 (−0.36–0.07) | −0.09 (−0.57–0.40) | |
| Gam (/μl) | 1.40 (1.00–2.07) | 1.68 (1.00–3.10) | 1.61 (1.20–1.94) | 1.52 (1.00–1.85) | 1.07 (1.00–1.65) | |
| Gam (/d) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.83 (0.33–1.0) | 1.0 (0.75–1.0) | 1.0 (0.63–1.0) | 0.33 (0.08–1.0) | |
| 1st gam–end (d) | 2 (1–3) | 2.5 (1–6) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1–5) | 5 (1–8) | |
| N3 Patients | 50 | 12 | 63 | 47 | 28 | 15 |
| 1st fvr parasitemia | 2.59 (2.08–3.36) | 2.41 (1.00–3.02) | 2.05 (1.60–2.32) | 1.68 (1.48–2.00) | 2.33 (1.30–2.74) | 2.10 (1.48–3.04) |
| 1st fvr temperature | 39.3 (38.9–39.8) | 38.9 (38.3–40.6) | 39.3 (38.9–39.7) | 39.2 (38.9–39.4) | 39.1 (38.6–39.7) | 39.4 (38.6–40.1) |
| 1st fvr day | 2 (2–4) | 2 (2–6) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (2–3) | 6 (3–10) | 4 (2–5) |
| 1st gam day | 12 (11–14) | 12 (9–24) | 8 (6–8) | 8 (7–10) | 16 (13–25) | 10 (7–19) |
| 1st fvr–1st gam (d) | 9 (7–11) | 9 (6–18) | 5 (4–7) | 6 (4–9) | 9 (4–21) | 7 (2–15) |
| Parasitemia before | 3.60 (3.27–3.96) | 3.82 (2.26–4.36) | 3.07 (2.90–3.24) | 3.09 (2.81–3.25) | 2.83 (2.41–3.12) | 3.04 (2.40–3.34) |
| Parasitemia after | 3.12 (2.54–3.28)** | 2.68 (1.30–3.45) | 3.80 (3.72–3.92)** | 3.68 (3.46–3.82)** | 3.28 (2.91–3.53)* | 3.08 (2.14–3.45) |
| Fever before | 39.8 (39.6–40.0) | 39.7 (39.0–40.3) | 40.1 (39.7–40.4) | 40.0 (39.6–40.4) | 39.2 (38.8–40.0) | 39.9 (38.6–40.6) |
| Fever after | 39.1 (38.9–39.4)** | 38.9 (38.3–39.6)* | 40.7 (40.4–40.8)** | 40.6 (40.1–40.8)** | 40.1 (39.4–40.5)* | 40.2 (38.5–40.8) |
| Fever (/d) before | 0.67 (0.50–0.75) | 0.56 (0.20–0.82) | 0.68 (0.63–0.83) | 0.63 (0.56–0.67) | 0.40 (0.25–0.50) | 0.50 (0.33–0.67) |
| Fever (/d) after | 0.27 (0.10–0.40)** | 0.07 (0–0.29)** | 0.60 (0.55–0.69) | 0.57 (0.50–0.71) | 0.34 (0.25–0.50) | .33 (0–0.50) |
| Difference (/d) | 0.35 (0.20–0.55) | 0.34 (0.13–0.82) | 0 (0–0.15) | 0 (0–0.19) | 0 (−0.11–0.17) | 0.07 (−0.07–0.50) |
| Gam (/μl) | 2.03 (1.18–2.24) | 1.90 (1.00–2.60) | 1.50 (1.28–1.77) | 1.72 (1.34–1.85) | 1.08 (1.00–1.30) | 1.00 (1.00–1.18) |
| Gam (/d) | 1.0 (0.73–1.0) | 1.0 (0.09–1.0) | 0.90 (0.73–1.0) | 0.82 (0.57–1.0) | 0.30 (0.17–0.55) | 0.20 (0.08–1.0) |
| Aggregated (N3) | ||||||
| Parasitemia before | 3.63 (3.49–3.81) | 3.75 (3.08–3.97) | 3.08 (2.95–3.24) | 3.02 (2.89–3.17) | 3.00 (2.85–3.11) | 3.13 (2.96–3.31) |
| Parasitemia after | 3.09 (2.96–3.16)** | 2.92 (2.54–3.15)** | 3.74 (3.66–3.79)** | 3.51 (3.38–3.61)** | 3.27 (3.17–3.34)** | 2.51 (2.30–2.74)** |
| Fever before | 39.8 (39.6–40.0) | 39.7 (39.2–40.0) | 40.2 (40.0–40.6) | 40.2 (40.0–40.4) | 39.7 (39.4–40.0) | 40.1 (39.4–40.4) |
| Fever after | 39.1 (38.9–39.4)** | 39.1 (38.3–39.4)* | 40.7 (40.6–40.8)* | 40.6 (40.3–40.8)* | 40.1 (39.8–40.3) | 39.4 (38.6–40.6) |
P < 0.01,
P < 0.0002.