. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Nutr. 2008 Mar 14;27(3):447–456. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.01.012

Table 1.

Metabolic measurements taken after clamp ¹,²,³,⁴

Metabolic measurements	Control	T2DM	Maintained AA
Blood amino acid concentration	↓	↓	__
Blood glucose concentration	↑	↑^a	__
Blood insulin concentration	↑	↑^b	↑
Glucose uptake across the leg	↑	↑	↑
Muscle protein synthesis	↓^*	↓^*	↑
Muscle protein breakdown	↓	↓	__

Arrows are a summary of results from Ref 25 and 26. All arrows that point up or down are significantly different from Basal levels (P< 0.05). No arrow represents no change from Basal (P>0.05).

^2a

a indicates significantly higher than Control.

^3b

indicates significantly lower than Control.

^4*

indicates P-value of P=0.08.