Table 2.
Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis in different European countries.
| Antimicrobial agent | Year | Country and prevalence of resistance | |||||||||
| DK | E | F | I | LV | NL | N | ES | S | CH | ||
| Chloramphenicol | 2002 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.5 | 1.0 | - |
| 2003 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | |
| 2004 | - | - | - | - | 2.1 | - | - | 1.8 | - | - | |
| Erythromycin | 2002 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 11.4 | - | - | 0.9 | - | 2.0 | 1.0 | - |
| 2003 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | - | 0.0 | 1.0 | 4.2 | - | 0.0 | |
| 2004 | - | 2.0 | - | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 1.8 | - | 3.7 | |
| Gentamicin | 2002 | 0.0 | - | 2.2 | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - |
| 2003 | 0.0 | - | 1.0 | 1.0 | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | 30 | |
| 2004 | - | - | - | - | 3.1 | - | - | - | - | 2.5 | |
| Oxacillin | 2002 | 0.0 | - | 8.3 | - | - | 0.0 | - | 0.5 | 0.0 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 1.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | |
| 2004 | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 3.7 | - | 0.0 | |
| Penicillin | 2002 | 29.7 | 46.0 | 4.7 | - | - | 10.0 | - | 45.0 | 7.0 | - |
| 2003 | 23.1 | 36.0 | 3.0 | 43.0 | - | 24.3 | 5.0 | 40.1 | - | - | |
| 2004 | - | 38.0 | - | - | 49.0 | 12.1 | - | 33.0 | 17.3 | ||
| Streptomycin | 2002 | 4.0 | - | 7.5 | - | - | 1.8 | - | - | 1.0 | - |
| 2003 | 1.0 | - | 8.0 | 8.0 | - | 1.9 | 2.0 | 6.3 | - | 5.0 | |
| 2004 | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | 2.0 | - | 6.3 | - | - | |
| Sulphonamides | 2002 | 4.0 | - | 59.2 | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | - | - |
| 2003 | 0.0 | - | 2.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | |
| 2004 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | |
| Tetracycline | 2002 | 3.0 | 8.0 | 9.2 | - | - | 0.0 | - | 3.5 | 0.0 | - |
| 2003 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 13.0 | - | 2.8 | 0.0 | 2.1 | - | - | |
| 2004 | - | 4.0 | - | - | 2.1 | 2.0 | - | 5.4 | - | 6.2 | |
| TMP + Sulphonamides | 2002 | - | - | 1.7 | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | 0.0 | - |
| 2003 | - | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 2004 | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Trimethoprim | 2002 | 1.0 | - | 11.1 | - | - | - | - | 4.5 | - | - |
| 2003 | 1.0 | - | 0.0 | - | - | - | 0.0 | 3.1 | - | 0.0 | |
| 2004 | - | - | - | - | 2.9 | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | |
| Neomycin | 2002 | 0.0 | 0.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2003 | - | 0.0 | 2.0 | - | - | - | 1.0 | - | - | 0.0 | |
| 2004 | - | 0.3 | - | - | 5.3 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Ceftiofur | 2002 | 0.0 | - | 4.2 | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | - | - |
| 2003 | 0.0 | - | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | |
| 2004 | - | - | - | - | 0.0 | - | - | 0.9 | - | - | |
DK – Denmark; E – England, F – France; I – Italy; LV – Latvia; NL – The Netherlands; P – Portugal; N – Norway; ES – Spain; S – Sweden; CH – Switzerland.