Table 6.
Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from cattle suffering from either diarrhoea or mastitis in different European countries.
| Antimicrobial agent | Year | Country and prevalence of resistance | |||||||||
| B | DK | E | F | I | LV | ES | NL | S | CH | ||
| Origin | Diarrhoea | Mastitis | |||||||||
| Ampicillin | 2002 | 63.7 | 79.0 | 44.0 | 76.1 | 44.0 | - | 45.6 | 13.3 | - | - |
| 2003 | 64.0 | 75.4 | 49.0 | 76.0 | 41.0 | 67.0 | 45.5 | 18.8 | 7.0 | 33.5 | |
| 2004 | 75.5 | 72.1 | 53.0 | - | 25.0 | - | 51.0 | 13.9 | 29.0 | 0.0 | |
| Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid | 2002 | 47.0 | - | 14.0 | 30.0 | 14.0 | - | 10.3 | 1.0 | - | - |
| 2003 | 16.0 | 3.5 | 19.0 | 34.0 | 6.0 | 54.0 | 4.5 | 1.0 | - | 0.0 | |
| 2004 | 10.1 | 1.2 | 19.0 | - | 7.4 | - | 9.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | |
| Apramycin | 2002 | 10.8 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 17.2 | - | - | 3.7 | - | - | - |
| 2003 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 11.0 | - | - | 5.2 | - | 0.0 | - | |
| 2004 | 8.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | - | - | - | 6.0 | - | - | - | |
| Ceftiofur | 2002 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 1.2 | - | - | 5.9a | 0.0 | - | - |
| 2003 | 2.0 | 0.0 | - | 0,7 | - | 0.0 | 2.6a | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 2004 | 6.3 | 0.0 | - | - | 7.1 | - | 6.0a | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |
| Chloramphenicol | 2002 | 54.9 | 13.0 | - | 65.4 | 30.0 | - | 29.4 | - | - | - |
| 2003 | 48.0 | 14.1 | - | 58.0 | 21.0 | - | 33.8 | - | 2.0 | 18.0 | |
| 2004 | 52.7 | 22.8 | - | - | - | - | 31.0 | - | 5.0 | 13.3 | |
| Fluoroquinolones | 2002 | 35.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 31.2 | 22.0 | - | 11.8 | 0.0 | - | - |
| 2003 | 26.0 | 1.8 | 0.04 | 20.0 | 15.0 | 0.0 | 12.3 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 6.0 | |
| 2004 | 32.1 | 7.6 | 0.0 | - | 11.5 | - | 20.0 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 0.0 | |
| Florfenicol | 2002 | 31.4 | 1.0 | - | 12.6 | - | - | 8.1 | - | - | - |
| 2003 | 26.0 | 3.5 | - | 12.0 | - | - | 9.7 | - | 0.0 | - | |
| 2004 | 21.5 | 5.1 | - | - | - | - | 8.0 | - | 0.0 | - | |
| Gentamicin | 2002 | 53.3 | 1.0 | - | 21.6 | 12.0 | - | 14.0 | 0.0 | - | - |
| 2003 | 16.0 | 3.6 | - | 20.0 | 1.0 | 29.0 | 19.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.0 | |
| 2004 | 7.6 | 7.6 | - | - | 7.1 | - | 25.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.7 | |
| Nalidixic acid | 2002 | 42.2 | 19.0 | - | 35.0 | 30.0 | - | 21.3 | 1.0 | - | - |
| 2003 | 38.0 | 14.1 | - | 36.0 | 21.0 | 56.0 | 18.8 | - | 3.0 | - | |
| 2004 | 54.0 | 29.1 | - | - | 21.4 | - | 31.0 | - | 14.0 | - | |
| Neomycin | 2002 | 46.0 | 9.0 | 26.0 | 42.5 | - | - | 25.0 | 7.6 | - | - |
| 2003 | 26.0 | 15.8 | 27.0 | 44.0 | - | 86.0 | 25.0 | 6.9 | 1.0 | 18.0 | |
| 2004 | 17.7 | 45.6 | 30.0 | - | - | - | 26.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | - | |
| Streptomycin | 2002 | - | 70.0 | - | 78.6 | 24.0 | - | 52.2 | 15.2 | - | - |
| 2003 | - | 68.4 | - | 78.0 | 54.0 | 69.0 | 54.8 | 20.8 | 11.0 | - | |
| 2004 | - | 87.3 | - | - | 25.0 | - | 55.0 | 15.8 | 48.0 | - | |
| Sulphonamides | 2002 | - | 74.0 | - | 80.6 | 46.0 | - | 45.6 | - | - | - |
| 2003 | - | 65.0 | - | 69.0 | 47.0 | 100.0 | 52.9 | - | 8.0 | - | |
| 2004 | - | 94.9 | - | - | 25.0 | - | 51.0 | - | 41.0 | - | |
| Tetracycline | 2002 | 58.8 | 84.0 | 48.0 | 79.5 | 56.0 | - | 49.3 | 14.3 | - | - |
| 2003 | 64.0 | 75.5 | 52.0 | 76.0 | 52.0 | 71.0 | 56.5 | 20.8 | 5.0 | 24.0 | |
| 2004 | 76.4 | 84.8 | 57.0 | - | 28.6 | - | 59.0 | 14.9 | 37.0 | 20.0 | |
| Trimethoprim | 2002 | - | 54.0 | - | 52.4 | - | - | 33,1 | - | - | - |
| 2003 | - | 52.6 | - | 39.0 | - | 0.0 | 41.9 | - | 3.0 | - | |
| 2004 | - | 70.9 | - | - | - | - | 41.0 | - | 10.0 | - | |
| TMP + Sulphonamide | 2002 | 56.9 | - | 23.0 | 39.5 | 26.0 | - | - | 11.4 | - | - |
| 2003 | 44.0 | - | 27.0 | 35.0 | 24.0 | 0.0 | - | 10.9 | - | 12.5 | |
| 2004 | 54.0 | - | 28.0 | - | 8.7 | - | - | 8.9 | - | - | |
a: Cefotaxime
B – Belgium; DK – Denmark; E – England; F – France; I – Italy; LV – Latvia; NL – The Netherlands; ES – Spain; S – Sweden; CH – Switzerland.