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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2008 Feb 9;46(6):585–590. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.019

Table 2.

Positive and negative consequences of smoking, by gender and smoking group.

Gender Smoking Group Results of Logistic Regressions 2
Total Sample Male Female Whole Cigarette Puffs OR (95% CI) for Male Gender OR (95% CI) for Whole Cigarette
Any positive consequence of smoking 56% 53% 59% 74% 36% 1.28 (0.64,2.56) 5.24 (2.63,10.46) ***
 Felt relaxed 46% 44% 46% 62% 27% 1.05 (0.54,2.07) 4.27 (2.16,8.45) ***
 Felt that I looked cool 31% 28% 34% 40% 20% 1.30 (0.65,2.64) 2.59 (1.26,5.33) *
 Felt that I looked grown-up 27% 22% 30% 36% 16% 1.49 (0.71,3.15) 2.88 (1.33,6.23) **
 Became more popular 17% 14% 20% 21% 12% 1.46 (0.61,3.48) 1.90 (0.79,4.60)
Any negative consequence of smoking 56% 54% 57% 71% 38% 1.07 (0.55,2.10) 3.88 (1.98,7.58) ***
 Had a bad cough 26% 25% 26% 32% 19% 1.06 (0.51,2.21) 1.95 (0.93,4.12)
 Had trouble catching my breath 29% 31% 28% 42% 15% 0.85 (0.41,1.76) 4.10 (1.88,8.94) ***
 Got into trouble 23% 11% 34% 31% 15% 4.27 (1.77,10.29) ** 2.62 (1.15,5.99) *
 My friends were upset with me 35% 36% 35% 45% 25% 0.92 (0.47,1.81) 2.52 (1.27,5.01) **
1

Data were collected from two northern California public high schools in the United States between 2001 and 2004. OR=”odds ratio” CI=”confidence interval”

2

Main effects are shown for male adolescents and adolescents who have smoked a whole cigarette. No interactions between gender and smoking group emerged in predicting initial consequences of cigarette use.

*

p<.05,

**

p<.01,

***

p<.001