Table 2.
Positive and negative consequences of smoking, by gender and smoking group.
| Gender | Smoking Group | Results of Logistic Regressions 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Sample | Male | Female | Whole Cigarette | Puffs | OR (95% CI) for Male Gender | OR (95% CI) for Whole Cigarette | |
| Any positive consequence of smoking | 56% | 53% | 59% | 74% | 36% | 1.28 (0.64,2.56) | 5.24 (2.63,10.46) *** |
| Felt relaxed | 46% | 44% | 46% | 62% | 27% | 1.05 (0.54,2.07) | 4.27 (2.16,8.45) *** |
| Felt that I looked cool | 31% | 28% | 34% | 40% | 20% | 1.30 (0.65,2.64) | 2.59 (1.26,5.33) * |
| Felt that I looked grown-up | 27% | 22% | 30% | 36% | 16% | 1.49 (0.71,3.15) | 2.88 (1.33,6.23) ** |
| Became more popular | 17% | 14% | 20% | 21% | 12% | 1.46 (0.61,3.48) | 1.90 (0.79,4.60) |
| Any negative consequence of smoking | 56% | 54% | 57% | 71% | 38% | 1.07 (0.55,2.10) | 3.88 (1.98,7.58) *** |
| Had a bad cough | 26% | 25% | 26% | 32% | 19% | 1.06 (0.51,2.21) | 1.95 (0.93,4.12) |
| Had trouble catching my breath | 29% | 31% | 28% | 42% | 15% | 0.85 (0.41,1.76) | 4.10 (1.88,8.94) *** |
| Got into trouble | 23% | 11% | 34% | 31% | 15% | 4.27 (1.77,10.29) ** | 2.62 (1.15,5.99) * |
| My friends were upset with me | 35% | 36% | 35% | 45% | 25% | 0.92 (0.47,1.81) | 2.52 (1.27,5.01) ** |
1
Data were collected from two northern California public high schools in the United States between 2001 and 2004. OR=”odds ratio” CI=”confidence interval”
2
Main effects are shown for male adolescents and adolescents who have smoked a whole cigarette. No interactions between gender and smoking group emerged in predicting initial consequences of cigarette use.
*
p<.05,
**
p<.01,
***
p<.001