Comparison of the predicted and observed activities for double mutants. The predicted activity for a double mutant is equal to the activity of the first mutant multiplied by the activity of the second mutant. The observed activity is the quantified β-galactosidase activity of the double mutant. All these activities are normalized to the wildtype promoter. The wildtype nucleotides for the mutated positions are listed in the keys. (a) Double mutants within the proximal site, in both the distal and proximal sites, and within the spacer for the fliAZY FlhD4C2 binding site were constructed. (b) Double mutants within the −35 region, within the −10 region, and in both the −35 and −10 regions for the flgKL class 3 promoter were constructed. (c) Eight of the class 3 double mutants were assayed in backgrounds expressing high (162% of wildtype), medium (110% of wildtype), or low (64% of wildtype) levels of class 3 transcription.