Table 1.
Differential rates of codon-jumping induced by ILHX
| Construct name (Landing site sequence) | Translation behavior | Differential rates EU/mg protein × 103
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | +ILHX | ||
| L-(0F)* | Wild-type control | 570,000 ± 75,000 (4) | 92,000 ± 23,000 (4) |
| LefShf† | Left shift, TTC (ata) | 595 ± 67 (6) | 12,200 ± 2,280 (6) |
| L-16 (TTT)‡ | TTC ➱ 16 ➱ TTT | 322 ± 26 (5) | 16,900 ± 3,630 (5) |
| Landing site sequence variation | |||
| L-16 (TTC) | TTC ➱ 16 ➱ TTC | 352 ± 16 (3) | 12,855 ± 1,166 (3) |
| L-16 (GTT) | TTC ➱ 16 ➱ GTT | 216 ± 2 (2) | 2,740 ± 250 (2) |
| L-16 (GAT) | TTC ➱ 16 ➱ GAT | 217 ± 45 (3) | 743 ± 352 (3) |
| L-16 (GCG) | TTC ➱ 16 ➱ GCG | 147 ± 1.5 (2) | 783 ± 29 (2) |
| TAC-16 (TAC) | TAC ➱ 16 ➱ TAC | 402 ± 11 (4) | 10,092 ± 526 (4) |
| Effect of distance between takeoff and landing | |||
| L-7 (TTT) | TTC ➱ 7 ➱ TTT | 567 ± 63 (4) | 17,840 ± 2,000 (3) |
| L-15 (TTT) | TTC ➱ 15 ➱ TTT | 495 ± 34 (2) | 21,400 ± 189 (2) |
| L-16 (TTT) | TTC ➱ 16 ➱ TTT | 322 ± 26 (5) | 16,900 ± 3,630 (5) |
| L-22 (TTT) | TTC ➱ 22 ➱ TTT | 308 ± 39 (3) | 8,232 ± 1,548 (3) |
| L-22′ (TTT) | TTC ➱ 22′ ➱ TTT | 200 ± 17 (4) | 9,106 ± 661 (3) |
| L-39 (TTT) | TTC ➱ 39 ➱ TTT | 56 ± 5.8 (2) | 1,017 ± 111 (2) |
| L-40 (TTT) | TTC ➱ 40 ➱ TTT | 60 ± 2.5 (2) | 596 ± 35 (2) |
| Traps in the bypassed sequence | |||
| L-16 (TTT) | TTC ➱ 16 ➱ TTT | 322 ± 26 (5) | 16,900 ± 3,630 (5) |
| E-Trap-16 | L-16, early Trap | 238 ± 4 (2) | 7,740 ± 216 (2) |
| L-Trap-16 | L-16, late Trap | 270 ± 7.8 (4) | 7,091 ± 160 (4) |
| L-22 (TTT) | TTC ➱ 22 ➱ TTT | 308 ± 39 (3) | 8,232 ± 1,548 (3) |
| E-Trap-22 | L-22, early Trap | 120 ± 2.0 (3) | 2,372 ± 256 (3) |
| L-Trap-22 | L-22, late Trap | 151 ± 0.3 (3) | 2,688 ± 446 (3) |
Under “Translation behavior” we indicate the takeoff-site codon for peptidyl-tRNA, followed by an arrow symbolizing the hop, its length, and the landing P-site. The data are reported as average differential rates of enzyme synthesis, in Enzyme Units per mg protein ×1000, ±SEM, with the number of replicate experiments in parentheses. In the case of construct L-16 (TTT), simple isoleucine starvation by means of valine inhibition (11) elicited an increase in the differential rate from 444 to 12,900, closely similar to the effect of ILHX.
*Zero-frame control.
†
Simple left shifter.
‡
Slide reporter.