ApoL1 induces accumulation of AV and autophagic cell death, which can be
inhibited by 3-MA and wortmannin. A, effect of 3-MA (5
mm) and wortmannin (1 μg/ml) on apoL1-induced cell death was
observed by light microscopy analysis. 3-MA and wortmannin were added to
noninduction medium 8 h prior to the induction of apoL1. Panel a,
DLD-1.apoL1 cells in noninduction (regular) medium; panel b, in
induction medium; panel c, in induction medium + 3-MA; and panel
d, in induction medium + wortmannin. Obviously, 3-MA and wortmannin
partially blunt apoL1-induced cell death in DLD-1.apoL1 cells by 55 and 40%,
respectively. All the images were taken by the same inverted microscope
(Olympus, CK40) with a MacroFire digital camera (OPTRONIC, model S99831).
B, electron microscopy analysis of autophagic DLD-1.apoL1 cells.
Panel a, control DLD-1.apoL1 cells; panels b and c,
autophagic DLD-1.apoL1 cells under two different magnifications; panels
d–f, magnified views of vacuoles in the cell shown in panel c.
Panel d, an enlarged empty vacuole; panel e, a double-membraned
structure presumably an autophagosome; panel f, an AV, presumably an
autolysosome, engulfing an electron-dense body. Scale bars are as
indicated. Data are representative of four experiments. Each experiment was
repeated at least three times.