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Mean (+) SEM appetitive and aversive responses during a 5 min taste reactivity test. Rats implanted with intraoral cannulas predominantly displayed aversive behaviors when sodium replete and infused intraorally with 0.3 M saline. Sodium depletion however increased appetitive responses (e.g., paw licking, lateral and rhythmic tongue protrusions) and decreased aversive responses (e.g., gapes, flails, face wipes, head shakes) to intraoral 0.3 M saline infusion. * p<0.05.
