Fig. 1.

Expression analysis of genes related with JA and ethylene biosynthesis. Quantitative RT-PCR of five genes from fully expanded leaves of soybean grown either under elevated [CO₂] (CO₂) or ambient [CO₂] (A): 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (acc), lipoxygenase 7 (lox7), 8 (lox8), and 6 (lox6). RNA was extracted from four replicates (one replicate per plot) of leaves either unattacked (C) or attacked by Japanese beetles (B) for 1 or 3 days and reverse-transcribed to cDNA. PCRs were replicated from four independent cDNA samples for all primers. Prior to statistical analysis, the spot intensity values generated by image analysis software for each gene were normalized to the intensity of actin to correct for differences in amplification of cDNA. The figure is a composite of multiple experiments and contains images spliced into place.