Table 1.
Frequency distribution of baseline characteristics in the 1990 interview by incident use of alcohol without parental permission assessed during follow-up between 1991 through 1994.
| Baseline characteristics | Incident Use of Alcohol without Parental Permission | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (%) | No (%) | Yes (%) | χ2 (df), p-value1 | ||||
| 1526 | 1049 | (68.7) | 477 | (31.3) | |||
| Sex: Female | 785 | (51.4) | 550 | (52.4) | 235 | (49.3) | 1.31 (1), 0.25 |
| Male | 741 | (48.6) | 499 | (47.6) | 242 | (50.7) | |
| Race-ethnicity | 0.86 (1), 0.35 | ||||||
| African American | 1165 | (76.3) | 808 | (77.0) | 357 | (74.8) | |
| Non-African American2 | 361 | (23.7) | 241 | (23.0) | 120 | (25.2) | |
| Age (years): 9 | 460 | (30.1) | 327 | (31.2) | 133 | (27.9) | 1.70 (4), 0.79 |
| 10 | 700 | (45.9) | 475 | (45.3) | 225 | (47.2) | |
| 11 | 335 | (22.0) | 226 | (21.5) | 109 | (22.8) | |
| 12 | 28 | (1.8) | 19 | (1.8) | 9 | (1.9) | |
| 13 | 3 | (0.2) | 2 | (0.2) | 1 | (0.2) | |
| Peer alcohol use: Present | 915 | (60.0) | 640 | (61.0) | 275 | (57.6) | 1.83 (2), 0.40 |
| Absent | 194 | (12.7) | 127 | (12.1) | 67 | (14.0) | |
| missing | 417 | (27.3) | 282 | (26.9) | 135 | (28.3) | |
| Neighborhood disadvantage3 | 4.40 (3), 0.22 | ||||||
| Low | 383 | (25.1) | 277 | (26.4) | 106 | (22.2) | |
| Moderate | 365 | (23.9) | 250 | (23.8) | 115 | (24.1) | |
| High | 344 | (22.5) | 224 | (21.4) | 120 | (25.2) | |
| missing | 434 | (28.4) | 298 | (28.4) | 136 | (28.5) | |
| Subsidized lunch4 | 2.20 (2), 0.33 | ||||||
| Yes | 928 | (60.8) | 638 | (60.8) | 290 | (60.8) | |
| No | 597 | (39.1) | 411 | (39.2) | 186 | (39.0) | |
| missing | 1 | (0.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (0.2) | |
| Depressed mood level: | 9.89 (3), 0.02 | ||||||
| None | 638 | (41.2) | 457 | (43.6) | 181 | (38.0) | |
| Low | 290 | (19.0) | 201 | (19.2) | 89 | (18.7) | |
| High | 180 | (11.8) | 107 | (10.2) | 73 | (15.3) | |
| missing | 418 | (27.4) | 284 | (27.1) | 134 | (28.1) | |
1
χ2 (df), chi-square test value, degrees of freedom, p-value.
2
A total of 96% of the non African American group are White, 4% are Asian, American Indian or Hispanic.
3
The neighborhood scale items were scored so that a higher score indicated a greater degree of neighborhood disadvantage (Elliott et al, 1989; Crum et al, 1996). Score tertiles were used in these analyses.
4
Indicates report of receiving subsidized lunch during first grade in 1985−1986.