Fig. 2.

Placebo controls (n = 10) showed several changes in target gene transcription. Transcription shown at days 0–90. Spontaneous (unstimulated), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD₆₅)-peptide or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated for the same target gene are organized horizontally. Target genes are displayed vertically. Note that spontaneous transcription is displayed at an inverted axis because of raw delta cycle threshold values. Spontaneous cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expression increased during the study (P= 0·02), whereas GAD₆₅-peptide and PHA-stimulated responses decreased (P= 0·02 and P = 0·03 respectively). Similarly, spontaneous transforming growth factor (TGF)-β increased (P= 0·01) and GAD₆₅-peptide and PHA stimulated responses decreased (P= 0·002 and P = 0·004 respectively). n = 10 except for in GAD₆₅-peptide stimulated sCTLA-4 (n = 9).