FIG. 4.

Killing of Escherichia coli (a), Pseudomonas fluorescens (b), Salmonella enterica serovar Cholerasuis (c), and Staphylococcus aureus (d) biofilms by combinations of Cu²⁺ and Polycide. These data are for 24 h of exposure in dilute organics, and each bar represents the average for three independent replicates. These results indicate that Cu²⁺ and Polycide have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that, in general, kills biofilms of other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at concentrations that are much lower than those required to treat P. aeruginosa biofilms.