TABLE 2.
Frequencies of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in 128 E. faecium isolates
| Phenotypic resistance or virulence gene | No. (%) with indicated phenotypic resistance or virulence gene
|
Antibiotic resistance gene | No. (%) with indicated phenotypic resistance that also possess the indicated antibiotic resistance gene
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolates (n = 128) | Probiotics (n = 12) | Human isolates
|
Isolates | Probiotics | Human isolates
|
||||
| Nonfecala (n = 79) | Fecal (n = 37) | Nonfecala | Fecal | ||||||
| Penicillin | 37 (28) | 35 (44) | 2 (3) | —b | |||||
| Ampicillin | 37 (28) | 35 (44) | 2 (3) | — | |||||
| Ampicillin/sulbactam | 36 (28) | 35 (44) | 1 (3) | — | |||||
| Tetracycline | 59 (46) | 41 (52) | 18 (49) | tet(M) | 57 (97) | 39 (68) | 18 (32) | ||
| tet(L) | 41 (69) | 29 (71) | 12 (29) | ||||||
| tet(K) | 1 (2) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | ||||||
| Vancomycin | 19 (15) | 3 (4) | 16 (43) | van(A) | 18 (95) | 3 (17) | 15 (93) | ||
| van(B) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | ||||||
| Teicoplanin | 18 (14) | 3 (4) | 15 (41) | van(A) | 18 (100) | 3 (17) | 15 (83) | ||
| Erythromycin | 62 (48) | 2 (17) | 42 (53) | 18 (49) | erm(A) | 1 (2) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| erm(B) | 51 (82) | 1 (2) | 36 (71) | 14 (27) | |||||
| Chloramphenicol | 5 (4) | 3 (4) | 2 (3) | cat(pC194) | 10 (?) | 7 (70) | 3 (30) | ||
| cat(piP501) | 11 (?) | 7 (64) | 4 (36) | ||||||
| Streptomycin | 46 (36) | 37 (47) | 9 (24) | aad(E) | 14 (30) | 7 (50) | 7 (50) | ||
| aad(E)-aph(A) | 28 (61) | 26 (93) | 2 (7) | ||||||
| Gentamicin | 6 (5) | 5 (6) | 1 (3) | aph(2″)-aac(6′) | 6 (100) | 5 (83) | 1 (17) | ||
| Quinupristin-dalfopristin | 16 (13) | 9 (11) | 7 (19) | vat(D) | 3 (19) | 2 (67) | 1 (33) | ||
| Linezolid | |||||||||
| Fusidic acid | 81 (63) | 11 (92) | 47 (59) | 23 (62) | |||||
| Virulence genes | |||||||||
| asa1 | |||||||||
| gelE | |||||||||
| cylA | |||||||||
| esp | 11 (9) | 11 (14) | |||||||
| hyl | |||||||||
| esp+hyl | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | |||||||
| None | 116 (90) | 12 (100) | 68 (86) | 36 (97) | |||||
a
Sterile sites (blood, liver, others), wound fluid, urine.
b
—, no PCR performed.