FIG. 2.

The E4 ORF3 protein antagonizes an IFN-induced, PML-dependent antiviral effect. HT1080 cells grown on coverslips were transfected with vectors expressing PML shRNAs (J to O) or empty vector alone (D to I). Twenty-four hours after transfection, the cells were untreated (A, D, G, J, and M), or stimulated with IFN-α (B, E, H, K, and N) or IFN-γ (C, F, I, L, and O). After an additional 24 h, the cells were infected with dl309 (D to F and J to L) or E4inORF3 (G to I and M to O) or were uninfected (A to C). Twenty-four hours after infection, the cells were fixed and immunostained with an antibody against DBP (D to O) or PML (A to C). The images represent deconvolved, compressed Z stacks.