Table 2.
Adults |
Periadolescents |
Treatment effects |
Age effects |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brain Region | Saline |
Nicotine |
Saline |
Nicotine |
% chg from saline |
% chg from adult |
|||
Mean+/−sem | Adult | Periadol. | Saline | Nicotine | |||||
1 | Nu. accumbens, core | 3.10±0.35 | 5.16±0.43 | 5.48±0.62 | 7.05±0.51 | 66.4** | 28.5* | 76.8** | 36.5* |
2 | Nu. accumbens, shell | 2.72±0.33 | 5.08±0.46 | 5.22±0.64 | 7.16±0.49 | 86.7** | 37.2* | 91.8** | 40.9* |
3 | Endopiriform nu. | 3.91±0.33 | 7.48±0.30 | 5.92±0.68 | 8.32±0.22 | 91.1*** | 40.4** | 51.4** | 11.3 |
4 | Striatum, rostral | 3.94±0.39 | 5.97±0.41 | 6.09±0.59 | 7.87±0.30 | 51.4* | 29.2* | 54.8** | 31.8* |
5 | Striatum, caudal | 3.39±0.35 | 5.36±0.50 | 5.40±0.66 | 7.13±0.48 | 58.3** | 32.1** | 59.2** | 32.9 |
6 | Lateral septum | 3.65±0.37 | 5.20±0.56 | 6.00±0.63 | 7.25±0.47 | 42.6* | 20.8 | 64.6** | 39.5* |
7 | Medial habenula | 8.14±0.26 | 8.49±0.15 | 8.70±0.04 | 8.57±0.13 | 4.3 | −1.5 | 6.9 | 0.9 |
8 | Fasiculus retroflexus | 6.02±0.36 | 6.96±0.32 | 7.66±0.35 | 8.19±0.25 | 15.6 | 6.9 | 27.2** | 17.7* |
9 | Posterior hypothalamus | 1.29±0.18 | 4.38±0.65 | 2.06±0.32 | 5.41±0.71 | 239** | 162*** | 59.4 | 23.3 |
10 | Ventral posterior thal. nu. | 6.12±0.44 | 8.21±0.32 | 7.54±0.41 | 8.50±0.21 | 34.2** | 12.8 | 23.2* | 3.5 |
11 | Posterior thal. nu. group | 6.91±0.41 | 8.46±0.24 | 8.08±0.27 | 8.63±0.13 | 22.4** | 6.8 | 16.9** | 2.0 |
12 | Lateral post. thal. nu. | 7.14±0.37 | 8.32±0.27 | 8.14±0.26 | 8.59±0.14 | 16.6* | 5.6 | 14.1* | 3.3 |
13 | Internal capsule | 1.52±0.17 | 2.32±0.33 | 4.12±0.71 | 4.82±0.66 | 52.6 | 16.8 | 171* | 107 |
14 | Optic tract | 1.92±0.20 | 2.00±0.32 | 4.58±0.87 | 5.28±0.63 | 4.6 | 15.2 | 139** | 163* |
15 | Optic chiasm | 5.88±0.45 | 6.98±0.39 | 7.43±0.44 | 8.16±0.28 | 18.7 | 9.9 | 26.4* | 16.9** |
16 | Superior collic., super. grey | 6.11±0.54 | 7.29±0.30 | 7.56±0.42 | 8.09±0.32 | 19.5 | 7.0 | 23.7 | 10.8* |
17 | Dorsal lateral geniculate | 7.91±0.27 | 8.78±0.04 | 8.47±0.15 | 8.65±0.12 | 11.0 | 2.2 | 7.1 | −1.4 |
18 | Ventral lateral geniculate | 5.67±0.60 | 6.32±0.30 | 6.70±0.59 | 7.71±0.46 | 11.5 | 15.1 | 18.2* | 22.2 |
19 | Medial geniculate | 6.24±0.45 | 8.07±0.22 | 7.71±0.39 | 8.39±0.23 | 29.3** | 8.9 | 23.4** | 4.0 |
20 | Zona incerta | 2.44±0.29 | 5.84±0.67 | 4.63±0.66 | 6.96±0.55 | 140** | 50.2* | 90.0** | 19.1 |
21 | Tectal nuclei | 5.44±0.56 | 6.02±0.30 | 6.72±0.52 | 7.46±0.47 | 10.7* | 11.1 | 23.6** | 24.1 |
22 | Substantia nigra, P.C. | 6.07±0.75 | 7.44±0.55 | 8.06±0.26 | 8.31±0.28 | 22.6 | 3.0 | 32.8 | 11.6 |
23 | Ventral tegmental area | 4.88±0.60 | 6.05±0.56 | 6.89±0.52 | 7.99±0.32 | 24.1* | 16.1 | 41.3* | 32.2 |
24 | Dentate gyrus, hippocampus | 2.35±0.31 | 5.00±0.61 | 4.27±0.62 | 7.09±0.44 | 112** | 66.0* | 81.5* | 41.8 |
25 | CA1, hippocampus | 1.21±0.13 | 3.29±0.48 | 2.29±0.37 | 5.06±0.68 | 171** | 120** | 89.1* | 53.7 |
26 | Subiculum | 3.61±0.42 | 4.93±0.29 | 5.79±0.62 | 6.52±0.56 | 36.5* | 12.7 | 60.2* | 32.3 |
27 | Postsubiculum | 7.23±0.37 | 8.25±0.16 | 8.37±0.18 | 8.60±0.14 | 14.1** | 2.8 | 15.7** | 4.3 |
28 | Pontine nu. | 2.40±0.47 | 3.98±0.44 | 4.11±0.77 | 5.99±0.67 | 66.1 | 45.6 | 71.7* | 50.5 |
29 | Entorhinal cortex | 3.01±0.37 | 6.50±0.24 | 5.15±0.70 | 7.33±0.50 | 116** | 42.3* | 71.1** | 12.8 |
30 | Frontal cortex, L4 | 4.08±0.40 | 6.59±0.50 | 6.04±0.59 | 7.83±0.38 | 61.6** | 29.7* | 48.1** | 18.9 |
31 | Frontal cortex, L5 | 3.10±0.32 | 6.70±0.38 | 5.20±0.66 | 7.58±0.44 | 116*** | 45.6* | 67.9** | 13.0 |
32 | Cingulate cortex, outer | 5.48±0.40 | 7.09±0.36 | 7.35±0.46 | 8.19±0.28 | 29.3** | 11.4 | 34.3** | 15.6 |
33 | Cingulate cortex, inner | 4.89±0.43 | 7.13±0.38 | 6.91±0.54 | 8.45±0.16 | 45.9** | 22.2 | 41.4** | 18.5 |
34 | Retrosplenial cortex, L1–2 | 6.79±0.41 | 8.04±0.18 | 8.07±0.33 | 8.57±0.14 | 18.4** | 6.2 | 18.8** | 6.6 |
35 | Retrosplenial cortex, L3–4 | 6.36±0.44 | 7.93±0.18 | 7.93±0.37 | 8.44±0.19 | 24.7** | 6.5 | 24.6** | 6.5 |
36 | Visual cortex, L4 | 4.95±0.50 | 7.54±0.31 | 6.70±0.61 | 8.11±0.32 | 52.4** | 21.0 | 35.5* | 7.6 |
37 | Visual cortex, L5 | 3.42±0.44 | 6.44±0.53 | 5.60±0.68 | 7.72±0.42 | 88.0*** | 37.9* | 63.4** | 19.8 |
38 | Visual cortex, L6 | 4.47±0.44 | 6.73±0.32 | 6.53±0.63 | 7.87±0.37 | 50.7** | 20.5 | 46.1** | 16.9 |
Means determined from 5–8 replicates. Means from all four groups compared by 2-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post-test
p<0.05
p<0.01
p<0.001.