FIG. 5.

PPAR-γ agonist and sitagliptin treatments improve the recovery of PANIC-ATTAC mice. A: Fasting glucose in homozygous PANIC-ATTAC mice with vehicle and PPAR-γ agonist (COOH) treatments. Hyperglycemia was induced by single dose of dimerizer, and the food admix treatment of COOH was initiated on day 8. Vehicle, n = 3; COOH, n = 4. **P < 0.001. B: OGTT of vehicle- and COOH-treated PANIC-ATTAC mice on day 48. Vehicle, n = 3; COOH, n = 4. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001, ***P = 0.05. C: Insulin secretion from OGTT analysis. No significant difference was found over the entire course. D: Pancreatic insulin content of vehicle- and COOH-treated PANIC-ATTAC mice from day 48. Vehicle, n = 3; COOH, n = 4. E: ITT of vehicle- and COOH-treated PANIC-ATTAC mice on day 48. Vehicle, n = 4, COOH, n = 4. *P < 0.05, ***P = 0.05. F: Active GLP-1 levels are increased after sitagliptin treatment in homozygous PANIC-ATTAC mice compared with vehicle group. A total of 11 animals were recorded per group. *P < 0.05. G: Sitagliptin treatment improves glucose tolerance in homozygous PANIC-ATTAC mice compared with vehicle treatment. Significant differences were found at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. A total of 11 mice were used in each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001. H: A representative image is shown for insulin (green), glucagon (red), and nuclei (blue) of vehicle- and sitagliptin-treated homozygous PANIC-ATTAC animals. Scale bar = 50 μm. (Please see http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db07-1631 for a high-quality digital representation of this figure.)