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A: concentration-dependent response. Effects of Cts (11–165 nM) on stroke volume (SV) and stroke work (SW) in paced frog heart preparations. B and C: immunoblot analysis. Total and phosphorylated phospholamban (PLN; B) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (C) in control and catestatin (Cts)-treated hearts both in presence and absence of BQ-123 and BQ-788. α, Comparison of control vs. treated groups; β, comparison of Cts alone vs. Cts plus inhibitors.
