Fig. 15.

Induction of Akt phosphorylation by insulin treatment. Cells were treated without or with 100 nM insulin for 72 h. Cell lysates were then subjected to Western blot analysis of phosphorylated Akt (S473) via the use of a phosphospecific antibody (A, top). A separate Western blot was performed to document equivalent levels of total Akt (A, middle) and equivalent actin levels among treatment categories (A, bottom). B: summary of means ± SE of 3 experiments, expressed as the ratio of phospho-Akt/total Akt. *P < 0.05, compared with control values by Student's t-test.