Table 2.
Arterial-ventricular coupling ratio, its components, and their determinants at rest and during exercise in NT and SH men and women
|
Men |
Women
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NT | SH | NT | SH | |
| EaI/ELVI | ||||
| Rest | 0.58±0.16 | 0.54±0.17 | 0.52±0.17 | 0.41±0.11‡ |
| 25 W | 0.45±0.13 | 0.44±0.16 | 0.38±0.16 | 0.35±0.14 |
| 50 W | 0.40±0.14 | 0.37±0.15 | 0.34±0.13 | 0.30±0.16 |
| 50% | 0.37±0.15 | 0.35±0.15 | 0.32±0.14 | 0.30±0.14 |
| Peak | 0.34±0.19 | 0.34±0.16 | 0.27±0.13 | 0.30±0.19 |
| Reserve | −0.23±0.19 | −0.20±0.16 | −0.26±0.15 | −0.10±0.19‡ |
| EaI, mmHg·ml−1·m−2 | ||||
| Rest | 2.32±0.52 | 2.98±0.48§ | 2.26±0.47 | 2.63±0.55† |
| 25 W | 2.33±0.52 | 2.84±0.55§ | 2.43±0.58 | 2.52±0.53 |
| 50 W | 2.40±0.53 | 2.88±0.62§ | 2.54±0.65 | 2.64±0.58 |
| 50% | 2.57±0.57 | 3.02±0.69§ | 2.56±0.60 | 2.60±0.57 |
| Peak | 3.15±0.73 | 3.52±0.80§ | 2.94±0.74 | 2.86±0.60 |
| Reserve | 0.82±0.59 | 0.53±0.66† | 0.67±0.56 | 0.27±0.69† |
| ELVI, mmHg·ml−1·m−2 | ||||
| Rest | 4.26±1.29 | 6.08±2.15§ | 4.73±1.84 | 7.06±2.74§ |
| 25 W | 5.66±2.00 | 7.43±3.16§ | 7.98±7.52 | 8.80±5.78 |
| 50 W | 6.73±2.97 | 9.13±4.10§ | 8.95±5.74 | 15.35±21.35 |
| 50% | 8.12±3.51 | 10.37±4.82§ | 9.77±5.85 | 12.71±12.04 |
| Peak | 13.21±16.45 | 16.27±18.64 | 15.49±14.20 | 17.82±25.03 |
| Reserve | 9.03±16.18 | 10.14±18.17 | 10.81±13.60 | 11.11±24.36 |
| ESVI, ml/m2 | ||||
| Rest | 27.7±7.6 | 24.8±7.2‡ | 24.3±6.5 | 21.5±7.1 |
| 25 W | 25.8±7.7 | 23.6±8.3* | 21.0±7.5 | 20.7±8.2 |
| 50 W | 24.5±8.3 | 21.0±8.1‡ | 19.5±6.9 | 18.9±10.4 |
| 50% | 22.0±8.4 | 19.9±8.2† | 18.8±7.7 | 18.5±9.6 |
| Peak | 20.4±10.7 | 19.6±9.7 | 15.4±7.1 | 18.2±11.1 |
| Reserve | −7.3±8.9 | −5.2±7.3 | −9.0±6.7 | −2.8±9.7† |
| SVI, ml/m2 | ||||
| Rest | 48.4±9.54 | 47.1±7.97 | 47.9±9.2 | 52.8±10.5‡ |
| 25 W | 58.3±11.12 | 55.5±10.68‡ | 56.1±13.2 | 60.0±11.6 |
| 50 W | 61.3±10.67 | 58.4±11.73† | 59.0±11.6 | 62.3±11.8† |
| 50% | 61.7±11.70 | 58.5±11.12† | 60.8±11.9 | 62.3±12.4 |
| Peak | 60.1±11.70 | 58.8±12.17 | 60.0±11.7 | 61.3±10.4 |
| Reserve | 11.7±10.07 | 11.8±9.81 | 12.4±8.4 | 9.0±9.2 |
| EDVI, ml/m2 | ||||
| Rest | 76.5±14.2 | 71.8±11.1‡ | 72.2±12.0 | 74.2±15.7 |
| 25 W | 84.5±14.8 | 78.7±14.3§ | 77.6±14.4 | 80.7±16.2 |
| 50 W | 86.2±15.4 | 79.3±14.9§ | 78.5±14.2 | 81.1±17.9 |
| 50% | 83.9±14.7 | 78.3±14.8§ | 79.2±14.0 | 80.8±18.7 |
| Peak | 80.9±16.8 | 78.3±17.9† | 75.5±13.7 | 79.4±16.4 |
| Reserve | 5.0±13.4 | 6.7±12.7 | 3.6±10.3 | 6.2±12.1 |
| ESP, mmHg | ||||
| Rest | 110±9.8 | 137±8.4§ | 105±10.4 | 134±7.9§ |
| 25 W | 133±13.5 | 152±15.0§ | 132±15.7 | 146±16.9† |
| 50 W | 143±15.4 | 164±19.3§ | 143±19.6 | 162±19.2 |
| 50% | 153±18.1 | 171±21.0§ | 149±19.2 | 158±19.3 |
| Peak | 183±24.8 | 200±22.5§ | 168±20.6 | 173±24.7 |
| Reserve | 73±23.3 | 63±22.3† | 64±19.1 | 39±22.8§ |
| HR, beats/min | ||||
| Rest | 66±9.0 | 70±12.2‡ | 70±9.9 | 67±10.6 |
| 25 W | 89±10.6 | 91±11.6‡ | 99±14.3 | 100±18.1 |
| 50 W | 99±12.6 | 100±11.5 | 114±16.1 | 117±19.8 |
| 50% | 109±14.6 | 108±12.7 | 120±16.6 | 111±19.0 |
| Peak | 146±22.8 | 140±19.8 | 148±22.1 | 137±19.8 |
| Reserve | 81±22.5 | 70±22.0† | 80±23.8 | 70±18.3 |
| CI, l·min·m−2 | ||||
| Rest | 3.2±0.6 | 3.3±0.7 | 3.3±0.6 | 3.5±0.9* |
| 25 W | 5.2±1.0 | 5.1±1.0 | 5.5±1.4 | 6.0±1.7* |
| 50 W | 6.1±1.3 | 5.8±1.2 | 6.6±1.4 | 7.3±1.7† |
| 50% | 6.7±1.4 | 6.3±1.2* | 7.2±1.6 | 6.9±1.9 |
| Peak | 8.8±2.0 | 8.2±1.7 | 8.9±2.3 | 8.3±1.9 |
| Reserve | 5.6±1.8 | 4.9±1.7 | 5.6±2.1 | 4.9±1.7 |
| SVRI, dyn·s−1·cm−5·m−2 | ||||
| Rest | 2,405±569 | 2,803±574§ | 2,193±485 | 2,547±597* |
| 25 W | 1,667±367 | 1,964±405§ | 1,568±346 | 1,678±372 |
| 50 W | 1,512±360 | 1,743±326§ | 1,369±289 | 1,434±300 |
| 50% | 1,431±330 | 1,655±295§ | 1,293±300 | 1,520±359 |
| Peak | 1,253±335 | 1,444±388‡ | 1,158±377 | 1,313±241 |
| Reserve | −1,155±518 | −1,351±598† | −1,034±420 | −1,246±590† |
| SWI, mmHg·ml·m−2 | ||||
| Rest | 5,373±1,207 | 6,483±1,293§ | 5,020±1,135 | 7,054±1,410§ |
| 25 W | 7,852±1,756 | 8,426±1,735 | 7,411±1,973 | 8,772±1,883‡ |
| 50 W | 8,853±1,921 | 9,609±2,230 | 8,462±1,904 | 10,187±1,800‡ |
| 50% | 9,356±2,154 | 9,985±2,108 | 9,062±2,035 | 9,889±2,012† |
| Peak | 10,970±2,703 | 11,893±2,854 | 10,092±2,335 | 11,014±2,617‡ |
| Reserve | 5,605±2,507 | 5,374±2,621 | 5,055±1,807 | 3,791±2,064 |
| PVA, mmHg·ml·m−2 | ||||
| Rest | 6,901±1,461 | 8,183±1,745§ | 6,281±1,253 | 8,490±1,706§ |
| 25 W | 9,543±1,998 | 10,232±2,024 | 8,780±2,098 | 10,277±2,146† |
| 50 W | 10,597±2,168 | 11,336±2,519 | 9,839±2,025 | 11,743±1,937§ |
| 50% | 11,127±2,322 | 11,677±2,463 | 10,440±2,147 | 11,355±2,296† |
| Peak | 12,818±2,997 | 13,843±3,396 | 11,369±2,401 | 12,711±2,953§ |
| Reserve | 5,963±2,597 | 5,613±2,926 | 5,076±1,858 | 4,010±2,091 |
EaI/ELVI, arterial-ventricular coupling ratio; EaI, effective arterial elastance; ELVI, left ventricular end-systolic elastance; ESVI, end-systolic volume index; SVI, stroke volume index; EDVI, end-diastolic volume index; ESP, end-systolic pressure; HR, heart rate; CI, cardiac index; SVRI, systemic vascular resistance index; SWI, stroke work index; PVA, pressure-volume area.
*
P < 0.07;
†
P < 0.05;
‡
P < 0.01;
§
P < 0.001, SH men or women vs. their NT counterparts after adjustment for age.