Fig. 5.

Representative ¹H- and ³¹P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of control lung tissue that provide quantitative information on 52 endogenous metabolites and ratios. Peak assignment of major metabolites on ¹H- and ³¹P-NMR spectra: 1, valine, leucine, isoleucine; 2, lactate; 3, alanine; 4, acetate, 5, CH₃-acetyl groups; 6–9, glutamate, succinate, glutamine, and total glutathione; 10, creatine; 11, total choline; 12, taurine; 13, glycine; 14, inositol, 15, glucose; 16, ATP; 17, sugar phosphates; 18, NAD⁺; 19, ADP; 20, phosphodiesters; 21, AMP; 22, phosphomonoesters.