Table 1.
Serum cytokine levels following 1V136 administration
| Route |
IL-6 (pg/ml) |
TNF-α, pg/ml
|
Leptin, ng/ml
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Vehicle |
1V136, 150 nmol
|
LPS, 2 μg
|
Vehicle
|
1V136, 150 nmol
|
LPS, 2 μg
|
1V136, 150 nmol
|
LPS, 2 μg
|
|||||
| IN | IP | IN | IP | IP | IN | IP | IN | IP | IP | IN | IP | |
| Time* | ||||||||||||
| 0 h | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | <10 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | 1.34±0.24 | 1.32±0.18 |
| 2 h | <10 | <10 | 1350±475‡ | 4576±338‡§ | 6304±530‡§ | 48±47 | < 20 | 265±69 | 510±84‡§ | 415±93‡ | 1.43±0.44 | 1.21±0.41 |
| 6 h | <10 | <10 | 368±82‡ | 566±75‡ | 1172±327‡ | < 20 | < 20 | 23±4 | 33±6 | 39±8 | 2.57±0.50 | 2.47±0.58 |
| 24 h | 22±20 | <10 | 115±56 | 74±29 | 372±118 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | < 20 | 1.10±0.30 | 1.32±0.22 |
Values are expressed as means ± SE. Mice were treated with vehicle intranasally (n = 6), 150 nmol in 1V136 (n = 8) or intraperitoneally (n = 8), or 2 μg ip LPS (from Escherichia coli 026:B6) (n = 8). Sera were collected 0, 2, 6, and 24 h after the treatment.
*
Hours after treatment.
† P < 0.001 compared to 0 h by paired Student's t-test.
‡
P < 0.05 compared to intranasal administration by unpaired Student's t-test.